Preview

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The Protestant Reformation

• Preview
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• Catholicism in the 1400s
• Martin Luther
• The Spread of Protestantism
• Faces of History John Calvin
• Protestantism Spreads to England
• Map Spread of Protestantism

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The Protestant Reformation
Main Idea Criticism of the Roman Catholic Church
led to a religious movement called the Protestant
Reformation and brought changes in religion and
politics across Europe.

• Reading Focus
• What was the state of Catholicism in the 1400s?
• How did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic
  Church?
• How did Protestantism spread to other areas?
• What were the effects of the Reformation in
  England?

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Catholicism in the 1400s
Roman Catholic Churchinfluential, extravagant,
and worldly Some people felt church straying from
spiritual roots Concerns crystallized into the
Protestant Reformation
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Early Reformers
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Summarize What conditions led to the Protestant
Reformation?
Answer(s) Church's financial corruption
immorality abuse of power
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Martin Luther
Martin Luthers public criticism of the church
in 1517 marks the symbolical beginning of the
Protestant Reformation.
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• Luthers Message
• Following publication of theses, Luther continued
  to study, debate
• Contradicted basic Catholic beliefs, insisted
  Gods grace cannot be won by good works faith
  alone needed
• 1519, declared only head of Christian Church was
  Jesus, not pope

• Empowered the People
• Insisted that individual Christians should be own
  interpreters of scripture, Christian practices
  should come only from Bible
• To aid this process, Luther translated Bible into
  German
• Translation allowed more people to read Bible
  without aid of clergy

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Reactions to Luther

• Churchs Response
• 1520, Pope Leo X expelled Luther from the Church
• 1521, Luther summoned to appear before Holy Roman
  emperor Charles V

• German Diet
• Luther appeared before emperor, German Diet, or
  assembly, at city of Worms
• Refused to change opinions

• Edict of Worms
• Emperor handed down Edict of Worms
• Declared Luther to be outlaw, condemned his
  writings
• Luthers ideas spread

• Protestant
• 1529, Charles V tried to suppress Lutherans in
  Germany
• German princes issued protestatio, protest,
  against this
• Term Protestant came from this

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Identify Supporting Details Describe the ideas
of Martin Luther and how they contradicted the
churchs teachings of his day.
Answer(s) God's grace cannot be won by good
works but by faith leader of church is Jesus,
not pope people can interpret scripture
practices come from Bible challenged Catholic
practices and the authority of the pope
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The Spread of Protestantism

• Luthers stand against the church opened the door
  for others
• Differing ideas on religious matters put forth.
• As Lutheranism arose in Germany, new religious
  movements began in Switzerland and other places
  in Europe.

When the disagreement between Swiss Protestants
and Catholics erupted into war, Zwingli was a
casualty. He died in battle in 1531.
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John Calvin

• Background
• John Calvin most important Protestant reformer
  next to Martin Luther
• Educated in France, influenced by Erasmus,
  Renaissance humanists
• Supported reforms of Luther in Germany

• Influenced by Augustine
• Preached doctrine of predestination
• God knows who will be saved, guides lives of
  those destined for salvation
• Nothing humans can do, good or bad, will change
  predestined end

• People Sinful by Nature
• Geneva became theocracy under Calvin strict laws
  regulated behavior
• Strictness at heart of Calvinisms appeal, gave
  sense of mission, discipline
• Calvinists making world fit for elect who had
  been chosen for salvation

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Other Reformers

• John Knox
• Spokesman for the Reformation in Scotland
• Knoxs Reformed Church replaced Roman Catholic
  Church
• Laid groundwork for later Presbyterian
  denomination
• Anabaptists
• Different beliefs about baptism insisted on
  rebaptizing adults
• Crime punishable by death at that time
• Anabaptist Church evolved into Hutterites, the
  Mennonites, and the Amish Mennonites

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Make Generalizations How did the ideas of
reformers who came after Luther differ from those
of Luther?
Answer(s) some were more radical included ideas
of theocracy, predestination
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Protestantism Spreads to England

• Protestant Reformation began with criticisms of
  the Catholic Church by priests and other
  religious thinkers.
• Reformation began with the king in England

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The Reformation Parliament

• Henry Takes Over
• Reformation Parliament declared that England no
  longer considered itself under authority of pope
• Henry became head of Church of England

• Church of England
• Henry changed rituals of church very little
• Closed Catholic monasteries, convents,
  distributed much of land to nobles
• This built more public support for split from
  Catholic Church

• Act of Supremacy
• Anne Boleyn and Henry secretly married marriage
  to Catherine annulled
• Later that year Anne gave birth to daughter,
  Elizabeth
• Act of Supremacy passed Henry VIII Supreme Head
  of Church of England

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Henrys Heirs

• Third wife, Jane Seymour gave England male heir,
  Edward VI
• 1547, Edward VI took throne, age 9
• Protestantism gained more ground under guidance
  of his guardians
• Edward died young sister, Mary became queen of
  England

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Summarize What caused the Reformation to spread
to England?
Answer(s) the desire of Henry VIII to annul his
marriage