Towards Total Sanitation in Indonesia

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MINISTRY OF HEALTHREPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

• Towards Total Sanitation in Indonesia
• Presentation to 2nd South Asia Conference on
  Sanitation, Islamabad, September 2006

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Republic of Indonesia

• Population 215m with 57 in villages
• Geography 17,000 islands over 5000kms
• Socio-Economy GDP per capita US3,700 lt30
  million (17.8) below poverty line
• Religion Muslim(88), Christian (8), Hindu,
  Buddhist, others (4)
• Culture More than 300 ethnic groups 580
  languages and dialects national language Bahasa
  Indonesia

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• MDG challenge
• Access to rural sanitation 38 (69 access rural
  water)
• After 20 years 74m people not covered, especially
  poor (2004 JMP)
• MDG target 69 by 2015 (annually 3.7m people
  over 10 years)

• To halve proportion of rural people without
  access to sanitation needs MORE THAN 200 YEARS at
  current rate

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Why such slow progress?

• 1. Poor not reached by projects
• Failure of hardware subsidies/credit approaches
  (eg WSLIC-2 revolving funds had lt10 coverage
  change)
• Community power structures mean same h/hs get aid
• 2. No scale up strategy in place
• target few households, not total community
• 3. Poor sustainability of infrastructure
• No ownership by users (abandoned/unused toilets)
• Revolving credit loans not repaid or revolved
• Imposed ideas (teaching, coercion, in-kind
  donations)

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Village Luk, Sumbawa who benefits?
Toilet part-funded by WSLIC-2 Project revolving
credit in 2004
Abandoned toilet from 1996 ESWS Project
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Story of CLTS in Indonesia (1)

• Mid 2004 Review of WSLIC 2 recommends overhaul
  of rural sanitation approaches
• Sep 2004 Feasibility assessment for CLTS in
  Indonesia
• Nov 2004 Exposure visits to Bangladesh and India
  
• Feb 2005 GOI decides to trial CLTS in 2 RWSS
  projects
• May 2005 Vietnam study tour to IDEs Sanitation
  Market Development
• May 2005 CLTS field trials launched in 12
  villages (8 districts). 1st batch of villages at
  each site achieves ODF and 100 access in 2
  weeks-3 months (6400 h/hs)
• Sept 2006CLTS spread spontaneously across
  provinces to almost 100 communities, resulting in
  72 open-defecation-free (ODF) communities and 3
  whole ODF sub-districts.

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Story of CLTS in Indonesia (2)

• Aug 2006 Minister for Health declares CLTS as
  national approach for rural sanitation
  programs in Dept of Health (lead agency)
• Sept 2006 WSLIC 2 (WB) replacing revolving
  credit with CLTS approach (WB)
• 2006 CWSH (ADB) project adopted CLTS
  as entry point in 20 districts
• Jan 2007 PAMSIMAS (WB) has 10m for CLTS
  10m for sanitation marketing for 109 districts
  in 15 provinces
• 2007 Pro-Air (GTZ) adopting CLTS in 4
  districts in one of poorest
  provinces
• Breaking news.GATES Foundation given 2m for
  scaling up CTLS in Indonesia during 2006-2008

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CLTS RESULTS
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What have we learnt?

• New approaches are required to achieve
  significant improvements in rural sanitation as
  required to meet the MDGs.
• Faster and more effective response and more
  community initiative for CLTS in areas untouched
  by projects with hardware/cash/credit subsidies
• Results change mindsets local government
  skeptical at first and now very motivated to
  adopt CLTS after seeing results.
• National operational strategy is needed for
  scaling up and donor harmonisation for no-subsidy
  approach

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Moving forward.

• Challenges
• How to generate demand and build local supply
  capacity for sanitation sustainably for poor and
  non-poor
• How to ensure consistency of approaches
  (harmonisation) in scaling up rural sanitation at
  district and provincial level
• How to build local commitment and capacity in
  scaling up CLTS during 2007-2011 in 15 provinces

• Responses
• Dept. Health establishing multi-sectoral
  Technical Team for widespread scaling up for CLTS
  
• Min. Planning funding a Workshop in November to
  develop National Rural Sanitation Operational
  Strategy and build national multi-stakeholder/
  partner consensus
• PAMSIMAS program will conduct advocacy and
  capacity building with local governments
  politicians in 15 provinces
• PAMSIMAS also providing complementary support for
  sanitation supply chain capacity development and
  marketing (PAMSIMAS)

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Thank you.

THANK YOU