The Renaissance

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The Renaissance

• The word Renaissance means rebirth and it is the
  name given to a cultural movement which began in
  Italy around 1350 and spread to the rest of
  Europe by 1600

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Reasons the Renaissance began in Italy

• Italy was the centre of the old Roman empire.In
  towns ruins were visible and were a constant
  reminder of the great achievements of their
  ancestors

Forum
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Coluseem
Reminder of the great ACHIEVEMENTS OF
THEIR ANCESTORS
Aquaduct
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Italy was the crossroads of trade

• Italy lies in the centre of the Med. And in the
  C14th trade between east and west Europe passed
  through Italy.Italians were in contact with
  eastern cultures and new ideas.

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In 1453 the Turks captured Constantinople in
Greece .As a result hundreds of wealthy greeks
fled to Italy and brought with them old
manuscripts and art. This helped create an
interest in art and literature
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Italy was made up of independent states, each
ruled by wealthy rulers.These rulers were willing
to spend their money on architecture, hire
artists to decorate their houses. They were
called patrons.

• Lorenzo de Medici
• Ruler of Florence
• He spent vast amounts of money buying and
  translating old manuscripts, employing painters
  ,architects and sculptors.

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A Patron was a wealthy person who hired artists
to paint their potrait, decorate their homes,
design churches etc

• Another famous patron

Pope Sixtus 1V He hired artists To decorate the
Sistine chapel
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Renaissance paintings were more realistic

• Artists cut up human bodies so their paintings
  would be more realistic this interest in the
  human body led to the painting of nudes,
  shocking to medieval people

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Renaissance artists used perspective in their
paintings

• Perspective gives a painting depth

The School of Athens
by
Raphael
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MEDIEVAL ARTISTS SHOWED MORE EMOTION ON THEIR
SUBJECTS FACES.
The Mona Lisa
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Medieval artists painted on canvas instead of wood

• They used oil paints which dried slowly and
  allowed artists change their work.
• They used strong bright colours

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Many renaissance paintings were frescos-a
painting done directly onto wet plaster
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Fresco
Painting on wet plaster
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The Last Supper
Painted on the wall of a convent in Milan by
Leonardo
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The Sistine Chapel in the Vatican
Michelangelo The story of the creation Of the
world From the Bible
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Artists used Sfumato shading to make it more
realistic
Artists blend their subjects Into the background
by Blurring the edges of the Hair and clothing
The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci
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Leonardo Da Vinci

• Born in Vinci near Florence
• Apprenticed to Verrocchio
• Accepted into Florence artists guild and worked
  for Lorenzo de Medici.
• He went to Milan and compiled a notebook full of
  designs for helicopters, submarines. parachutes.
  He was an inventor way before his time.

The Flying machine
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In Milan he painted

• The Virgin on the rocks

What painting techniques can You see?
Sfumato the transition from light To shade
Perspective - depth
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The Last Supper
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The Mona Lisa
Note the smile on her face Perspective Sfumato Pot
rait No eyebrows is it finished?
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Situated in the Louvre Paris. It has her own
room Behind bullet proof glass
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• Let's begin with an easy one. Who was the famous
  painter who created the masterpiece of "Mona
  Lisa"?
• Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci painted the
  "Mona Lisa" from 1503 to 1506 in Italy. In
  addition to being a talented painter, he was an
  inventor and a scientist.
• Where does the painting hang today?
• The Louvre Museum in France. Though painted in
  Italy, since the 16th century, when she came into
  the possession of Francois I, King of France, she
  has remained in that country. She currently hangs
  in the famous Louvre museum, where she has been
  since 1804 and now has her own room.
• What was the real name of the woman who posed as
  "Mona Lisa"?
• Lisa Gherardini Giocondo. Lisa Gheradini Giocondo
  was about 25 when she posed for Leo's painting.
  She was the daughter and wife of wealthy men and
  it is believed her husband paid Leo for her to be
  painted. She started as Mia Donna Lisa (my lady
  Lisa) and it got shorted to Monna Lisa. Due to a
  spelling error in English it is now known as
  "Mona Lisa". She is called "La Giocondo" in
  Italian and "La Joconde" in French. (By the way,
  'materassino ad aria' is Italian for air
  mattress.)
• What was the "Mona Lisa" painted on?
• poplar wood panel. da Vinci used oil paints on a
  poplar wood panel. The panel is 30 inches tall
  and about 20 inches wide.
• When was the "Mona Lisa" stolen?
• 1911. Employee Vincenzo Peruggia smuggled her out
  under his smock when he was in the room alone in
  the Louvre. Two years later, in 1913, she was
  returned after he attempted to sell the painting
  in Florence.
• Was the "Mona Lisa" insured when she was
  returned after being stolen?
• n. The "Mona Lisa" is valued as a priceless item
  and is not insured.
• Approximately how many people visit the "Mona
  Lisa" each year?
• 6 million. Over 6 million people visit the Louvre
  every year and the "Mona Lisa" is viewed by
  nearly all of them.
• During World War II, was the "Mona Lisa" taken
  out of the museum for her safety?
• y. The Louvre actually boarded up almost all of
  the works of art and sent them away by train to
  protect them during the war.
• One of the reasons that the "Mona Lisa" is
  considered such an amazing painting is due to the
  revolutionary new technique Leonardo used. What
  was it?
• blending light and shade. The blending of light
  and shade Leonardo used is called sfumato.
• Other artists have made many reproductions and
  alterations to the painting. Who was the artist
  that added a mustache and goatee on "Mona Lisa"?

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Michelangelo

• Famous artist and sculptor
• At 13 apprenticed to
• Ghirlandaio
• Invited by Lorenzo to join his school for
  sculptors

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The statue of David
Supposed to represent David Immediately before
his battle With Goliath
5m high White marble
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The Pieta
Statue of the dead Jesus lying in the arms of Mary
White marble
Damaged in 1972
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Sistine Chapel
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The story of the Creation Of Man
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The Last Judgment
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Pope Julius 11 tomb
The central figure is Moses
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Michelangeo the architect
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Renaissance Artist outside Italy
Albrecht Durer

• He was the son of a Hungarian goldsmith based in
  Nuremberg
• in southern Germany but after 3 years
  studying his fathers
• trade he decided to become a painter
• He became an apprentice at the age of 15 and
  learnt painting
• and wood and copper engraving skills.
• He did engravings in wood called Woodcuts, which
  were then
• inked over and used to illustrate books.
• With the help of a mirror he painted a self-
  portrait, the first
• done by a Renaissance artist.

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Durers self portrait
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5. He also painted landscapes not just as a
backdrop but fortheir own sakes.

• The Great piece of turf

He is considered one of the first European
landscape artists due to his watercolours
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He had some beautiful nature studies
The Hare
Note the detail. You can see every Whisker and
hair You can almost feel the Texture of his fur
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Little Owl

• A small owl, warm , meek and gentle. Shows
  character and lovely textures

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Renaissance Writers
Shakespeare
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His plays are divided into Comedies.
Tragedies. histories
Born Stratford on Avon 1564
Actor Poet Playwright
Married Anne Hathaway
Involved in the Globe Theatre All 38 plays
were Performed there
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The globe theatre
The Theatre had no roof. It was burnt down in
1613 and rebuilt In 1997.
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Shakespeare's plays can be divided into
Romeo and Juliet
Tragedies
Hamlet
A Midsummers Nights Dream
Comedies
Julius Caesar
Histories
Henry V
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He is famous for his Sonnetsie 14 line poems,
mostly about love

• Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore,
• So do our minutes hasten to their end,
• Each changing place with that which goes before
• In sequent toil all forwards do contend.
• Nativity, once in the main of light,
• Crawls to maturity, wherewith, being crowned,
• Crooked eclipses 'gainst his glory fight
• And Time that gave, doth now his gift confound.
• Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth,
• And delves the parallels in beauty's brow,
• Feeds on the rarities of natures truth,
• And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow    
  
• And yet, to times, in hope, my verse shall stand,
     
• Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.    

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Francesco Petrarch

• Born in Florence 1304
• He wrote several important books in Latin on a
  wide variety of subjects eg Concerning Famous
  Men- dealt with the achievements of men of the
  past especially the Greeks and Romans.
• He wrote poems to a woman called Laura . This
  collection of 14 line sonnets was called the
  Canzoniere. They were written in Italian ie in
  the vernacular.ie the language of the people.
• Niccolo Machiavelli - The Prince

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Medicine

• Middle Ages
• Knowledge of medicine was poor
• Galen was a Greek physician who dissected animals
  to try to understand more about the human body.,
  therefore all his findings were not correct. He
  believed blood came from the liver and the liver
  pumped it around the body.
• The catholic church thought it was wrong to
  dissect bodies so there was very little advances
  in medicine.

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Medicine in the Renaissance
Father of modern anatomy
Andreas Vesalius
He studied medicine and became a professor of
anatomy
He dissected bodies himself to see how they worked
He wrote a 7 volumne book On the structure of
The human body including 270 pictures of
bones, Muscles, heart and brain.This was a
detailed and Accurate study of the human body.
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William Harvey
He proved blood is pumped around the Body by the
heart. He proved Galen incorrect