MACC BIOLOGY 101

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MACC BIOLOGY 101

• LECTURE 3
• THE FIVE KINGDOMS
• Plants
• Bill Palmer

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Extra Credit 10 points

• Find, copy and read an article from a peer
  reviewed scientific journal about the topic you
  are giving a presentation on in class. Write a 1
  paragraph summary.
• Find, copy and read an article from a secondary
  source (magazine, newspaper, etc.) about the
  topic you are giving a presentation on in class.
  Write a 1 paragraph summary.
• Turn in the copied articles summaries
• MUST include internal citations AND Bibliography
• MUST be typed/double spaced/stapled

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VirusesSome scientists debate as to if viruses
are really alive.
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• Viruses
• Hijackers (obligate intracellular parasites)
• Structure
• Protein coat and genetic material (DNA or RNA)
• Lack some attributes of life
• Non-cellular
• Cause several common diseases
• smallpox, chicken pox, measles, mumps, colds,
  flu, polio, herpes, rabies, AIDS

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Photomicrograph of a virus
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protein coat of head
bacteriophage
viral DNA
tail
plasma membrane
tail fiber
viral DNA being injected into bacterium
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LIFE CYCLE OF A VIRUS
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The Five Kingdoms

• Diversity

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Major Player

• Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish Botanist 1707-1778
• Binomial nomenclature
• (Two-name Classification System)

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BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE RULES

• ALL LIVINGS THINGS SHALL HAVE A UNIQUE NAME
• THE NAME SHALL BE COMPOSED OF TWO WORDS
• THE FIRST NAME SHALL BE THE GENUS
• Latin or Greek
• Noun
• Capitalized and Italicized
• THE SECOND NAME SHALL BE THE SPECIES
• Latin or Greek
• Adjective
• Capitalized and Italicized
• THE GENUS AND SPECIES CAN BE THE SAME WORD

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WHICH IS CORRECT?

• A. Homo sapiens
• B. Homo Sapiens
• C. Homo Sapiens
• D. homo Sapiens
• E. Homo Sapiens
• F. Homo sapiens

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• ALL LIVING THINGS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO GROUPS WITH
  SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS

BIG IMPORTANT CONCEPT !!
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Classification

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Classification

• Kingdom--King
• Phylum--Phillip
• Class--Came
• Order--Over
• Family--For
• Genus--Good
• Species--Spaghetti

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The Diversity of Life

1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Plantae
5. Animalia

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SIZE
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COLOR
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FORM
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Spacecraft to Moon?
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Q The Biggest Living Thing?

• Tyrannosaurus?
• Brontosaurus?
• Blue Whale?
• Redwood?

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Q The Biggest Living Thing?A It is a simple
fungi!!

• Found in Washington State
• Covers 1500 acre

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Q The Oldest?

• A Redwood Tree?
• A Bristlecone Pine tree?
• Cedar trees in Missouri?
• Your teacher?

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Q The Oldest?A A bacteria in the desert.

• 250-million-year-old bacteria
• found in ancient sea salt beneath Carlsbad, New
  Mexico.

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Q What is found Deepest in Earth?

• Bat?
• Earthworm?
• Cave Monster?

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Q What is found Deepest in Earth? A A
bacteria!

• Bacterial cells
• 1.9 miles below earths surface
• Dividing perhaps once a year or once a century!

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Q Can even the simplest living thing be useful?

• Your little brother

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Q Can even the simplest living thing be
useful?A Bacteria eat oil.
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The Cozy

• Snoozing Sea Otters wrap in blanket of algae to
  keep from being washed away with tide.

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1. MONERA

• BACTERIA Characteristics
• Prokaryotes
• Asexual reproduction
• Binary fission (1 cell splits to 2)
• up to 5,000 species /1 gm of forest soil
• Decomposers

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Bacteria The numbers?
1 quadrillion (1015 1,000,000,000,000,000)
a
b
Cocci (round)
Spirochetes (Spiral)
Bacilli (rod)
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Shape/Sizes
cocci
spirochetes
bacilli
bacteria (E. coli) 2 µm long
viral clones (T4) 0.2 µm long
protist (Paramecium) 75 µm long
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2. PROTISTA

• They are NOT plants, fungi, or animals
• Very Diverse (miscellaneous)
• Eukaryotic
• Single-celled, colonial, multicellular
• Photosynthetic, ingestive (surround and ingest
  food)
• flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia.
• Examples
• slime mold, giant kelp, phytoplankton

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AMOEBA
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PARAMECIUM
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EUGLENA
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VORTICELLA
Vorticella
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3. FUNGI

• Not photosynthetic
• Most multicellular (many cells)
• Yeast unicellular (one cell)
• Secrete and absorb
• External digestion
• Decomposers

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• FUNGI
• Harmful
• Diseases
• economic loss
• Beneficial
• Source of antibiotics
• Some cheeses (bleu cheese)
• Brewing of soy sauce and others
• Food

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spore
mushroom
hyphae
mycelium
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4. Plantea

• Characteristics
• Sessile
• Multicellular
• Terrestrial and aquatic

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cell wall
central vacuole
cell membrane
nucleus
chloroplast
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VENUS FLY-TRAP
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Plant NutritionHow do plants get nourishment?

• Photosynthetic (make their own food-corn, oak
  tree))
• Parasitic (live from others-mistletoe, Spanish
  moss)
• Carnivorous (eat meat-Venus Fly-trap)

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• Four Main Varieties of Plants

1. Moss
2. Ferns
3. Conifers
4. Angiosperms (Flowering plants)

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Moss
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Ferns
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Conifers
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Flowering Plants
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flowering plants
mosses
ferns
conifers
flowers
seeds
vascular tissue
multicellular
green algae (ancestors)
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• Bryophytes (Mosses)
• Most primitive
• Environment
• NO Vascular tissue
• NO Seed
• NO Flowers

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Bryophytes (Mosses)

• Most primitive terrestrial plant
• Environment?
• NO Vascular tissue
• NO Seed
• NO Flowers

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a
b
c
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• Pterophyta
• (Seedless Vascular Plants)
• Ferns
• Seedless
• Flowerless
• Moist environment
• Vascular system
• True roots, stems, leaves

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Coniferophyta

• Conifers and Gymnosperms
• Evergreens
• firs, pines, spruces, cedars, ginkgo

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wing
protective seed coat
seed
embryo
nutritional tissue
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pollen (contains sperm)
male cone
female cone
egg
growth
embryo inside seed
mature tree
seedling
seed coat
endosperm
Corn
embryo
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Importance of the Seed?

• Q Why do plants have seeds?
• A Reproduction
• Seeds are DISPERSED many ways
• Wind
• Animals
• Water

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Anthrophyta(Flowering Plants)

• Seeds
• Vascular tissue
• Flowers

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Flowering Plants

• Dominant Vegetation
• Efficient pollination
• Nectar
• Fragrance
• Coloration
• Landing pads

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Where does fruit fit in?
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Where does fruit fit in?

• Fruit provides nourishment for the seed.
• Fruits have seeds.
• Is tomato a fruit?
• What fruit has the seeds on the outside?

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Where does fruit fit in?

• YES, tomatoes are a fruit.
• STRAWBERRIES have the seed on the outside.

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5. Animalia

• Multicellular
• Embryonic development
• Heterotrophic, ingestive
• No cell walls
• Most are mobile
• Tissues

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Porifera
Cnidaria
Nematoda
Annelida
Echinodermata
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Chordata
coelom
coelom
pseudocoel
deuterosomes
protosomes
body cavity
bilateral tissue symmetry
symmetry tissue
ancestral protist
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Animal Ancestral Tree
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• Tissues and Symmetry
• First SplitPorifera Sponges, lack tissues,
  asymmetry.
• Next Split Tissues and symmetry
• Cnidaria have radial symmetry
• Body parts evenly arranged around central axis
• Next Split
• Bilateral symmetrysymmetrical from side to side.
• Useful in head-first mode of locomotion.
• All other animals

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Radial symmetry Symmetry around a central point
Asymmetry No planes of symmetry
Bilateral symmetry Symmetry across the sagittal
plane
dorsal
sagittal plane
posterior
anterior
ventral
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• Addition 4 A Body Cavity
• Coelom space lined with cells of mesodermal
  origin in which organs are suspended.
• AcoelomatePhylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
  separates at this point, no coelom.
• PseudocoelMesoderm on one side only.
• CoelomSurrounded by mesoderm.

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No coelom (acoelomate)
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm (gut)
flatworm
Pseudocoel
ectoderm
mesoderm
pseudocoel (mesoderm on one side only)
endoderm (gut)
roundworm
Coelom
ectoderm
mesoderm
coelom (surrounded by mesoderm)
endoderm (gut)
p. 450
earthworm
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Where do I fit in? Name my Kingdom

1. I am photosynthetic
2. I eat meat.
3. I am unicellular
4. I have no nucleus
5. I have a coleom
6. I am a diverse kingdom, characterized by what I
   am not
7. I can live in boiling water vent
8. I form mycorrhizae
9. I produce fruit
10. I am prokaryotic

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Where do I fit in? Name my Kingdom(s)

1. I am photosynthetic (Plantae)
2. I eat meat. (Animalia)
3. I am unicellular (Protista)
4. I have no nucleus (Monera)
5. I have a coleom (Animalia)
6. I am a diverse kingdom, characterized by what I
   am not (Protista)
7. I can live in boiling water vent (Protista)
8. I form mycorrhizae (Fungi)
9. I produce fruit (Plantae)
10. I am prokaryotic (Monera)

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Wrap up

• What are viruses?
• What are the rules for Scientific names?
• What are some common viruses?
• How do viruses reproduce?
• What is the Linnaean classification system?
• What are the rules of Binominal Nomenclature

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Wrap up

• What are the major characteristics of each of the
  5 kingdoms?
• What are some examples of organisms in each of
  the 5 kingdoms?
• Name three ways plants get nourishment.
• What are the 5 kingdoms?