Nanotechnology is receiving a lot of attention of late across the globe. The term nano originates etymologically from the Greek, and it means

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• Nanotechnology is receiving a lot of attention of
  late across the globe. The term nano originates
  etymologically from the Greek, and it means
  dwarf. The term indicates physical dimensions
  that are in the range of one-billionth of a
  meter. This scale is called colloquially
  nanometer scale, or also nanoscale. One nanometer
  is approximately the length of two hydrogen
  atoms. Nanotechnology relates to the design,
  creation, and utilization of materials whose
  constituent structures exist at the nanoscale
  these constituent structures can, by convention,
  be up to 100 nm in size.
• Nanotechnology is a growing field that explores
  electrical, optical, and magnetic activity as
  well as structural behavior at the molecular and
  submolecular level.

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• The term nanotechnology was introduced by Nori
  Taniguchi in 1974 at the Tokyo International
  Conference on Production Engineering.
• He used the word to describe ultrafine
  machining the processing of a material to
  nanoscale precision.
• This work was focused on studying the mechanisms
  of machining hard and brittle materials such as
  quartz crystals, silicon, and alumina ceramics by
  ultrasonic machining.

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Nanotechnology allows the design of new
materials with desirable properties. They
could be biological - as a targeted cure for a
specific cancer or mechanical - to provide great
strength or electronic, - to make much more
powerful computers, or environmental to save
energy in lighting, or to increase the
effectiveness of catalysts
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Nanoguitar Cornell University

• Ten microns (10 x 10-6 m) long, about the size of
  a red blood cell.
• Thickness of a human hair is about 20 times the
  length of this guitar.
• The "strings" (rods of silicon) are 50 nm wide or
  about 100 atoms across.

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Flys eye and microfabricated device
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Overview of potential applications

• lt AFM Tip
• gt Molecular electronics
• Transistor

• gt FED devices
• Displays

• lt Others
• Composites
• Biomedical
• Catalyst support
• Conductive materials
• ???

• lt Energy storage
• Li-intercalation
• Hydrogen storage
• Supercaps

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Molecular electronics

• FEDs

• CNTFETs

• SETs

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Patterned Film Field Emitters

• Etching and lithography
• Conventional CVD
• Soft lithography

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Single Electron transistor
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• Smallest object ever created by humans
• was sculpted by two laser beams focused across
  resin. The resin solidified only where the lasers
  crossed.
• Created by a team of researchers at Osaka
  University in Japan, the bull measures 10 microns
  from horns to tail, and seven microns across (1
  micron 1000 nm).

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Environmental Studies

• Studying how nano-structured membranes could
  screen pesticides and harmful bacteria from water
  supplies.
• Other scientists are developing low-cost,
  nano-scale iron hydroxide granules to remove
  arsenic from drinking water.
• Still others have suggested that nano-sized
  sensors could help detect pollutants or monitor
  and correct changes in the ozone layer.

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Some Areas of Focus
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• Nanomaterials give impetus to new applications of
  the (nano)technology becausethey exhibit novel
  optical, electric ,and/or magnetic properties.
• The first generation of nanotechnology (late
  1990searly 2000s) focused on performance
  enhancements to existing micromaterials the
  second generation of nanotechnology

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• Nanomaterials with structural features at the
  nanoscale can be found in the form of clusters,
  thin films, multilayers, and nanocrystalline
  materials often expressed by the dimensionality
  of 0,1,2 and 3 the materials of interest include
  metals, amorphous and crystalline alloys,
  semiconductors, oxides, nitride and carbide
  ceramics in the form of clusters, thin films,
  multilayers, and bulk nanocrystalline materials.

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The Vision

• In the next 50 years, machines will get
  increasingly smaller--so small that thousands of
  these tiny machines would fit into the period at
  the end of this sentence.