Design History

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Design History
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Design in Prehistoric Times

• Pre-3000 BC
• Before recorded history, humans constructed stone
  circles, megaliths, and other structures.

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Stonehenge AveburyEngland
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Ancient Design

• 3000 BC to 337 BC
• In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, civilizations
  built enormous temples and shrines.

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Giza Pyramids, Parthenon, Pantheon, King
Nebuchadnezzars Palace Ancient Memphis, Athens,
Rome, Babylon
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Early Christian and Medieval

• 373 to 500 AD
• European architecture moved from the rectangular
  basilica forms to the classically inspired
  Byzantine style.

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Tower of London Westminster HallLondon
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Romanesque

• 500 to 1200 AD
• As Rome spread across Europe, heavier, stocky
  Romanesque architecture with rounded arches
  emerged.

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Cathedral of Pisa Orvieto CathedralPisa
Orvieto
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Gothic Design

• 1200 to 1400 AD
• Innovative builders created the great cathedrals
  of Europe.

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Notre Dame Salisbury CathedralsParis
Salisbury
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Renaissance Design

• 1400 to 1600 AD
• A return to classical ideas ushered an "age of
  "awakening" in Italy, France, and England.

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The Louve Florence CathedralParis Florence
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American Colonial Design

• 1600 to 1780 AD
• European settlers in the New World borrowed ideas
  from their homelands to create their own breed of
  architecture.

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Independence Hall, City Hall, Congress
HallPhiladelphia
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Baroque Design

• 1600 to 1700 AD
• In Italy, the Baroque style is reflected in
  opulent and dramatic churches with irregular
  shapes and extravagant ornamentation. In France,
  the highly ornamented Baroque style combines with
  Classical restraint. Russian aristocrats were
  impressed by Versailles in France, and
  incorporated Baroque ideas in the building of St.
  Petersburg. Elements of the elaborate Baroque
  style are found throughout Europe.

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Piazza NavonaRome
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Rococo Design

• 1650 to 1790 AD
• During the last phase of the Baroque period,
  builders constructed elegant white buildings with
  sweeping curves.

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Bavarian HomesOberammergau
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Georgian Design

• 1720 to 1800 AD
• Georgian was a stately, symmetrical style that
  dominated in Great Britain and Ireland and
  influenced building styles in the American
  colonies

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The White House, Monticello, Mount
VernonWashington, Charlottesville, Mount Vernon
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Neoclassical / Federalist / Idealist

• 1750 to 1880 AD
• A renewed interest in ideas of Renaissance
  architect Andrea Palladio inspired a return of
  classical shapes in Europe, Great Britain and the
  United States.

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U.S. Capital, Mosque of Sultan Ahmed, Circus at
BathWashington, Istanbul, Bath
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Greek Revival Design

• 1790 to 1850 AD
• These classical buildings and homes often feature
  columns, pediments and other details inspired by
  Greek forms. Antebellum homes in the American
  south were often built in the Greek Revival style.

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Belle Meade Plantation Boothies Dryed Goods
StoreNashville Peninsula
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Victorian Design

• 1840 to 1900 AD
• Industrialization brought many innovations in
  architecture. Victorian styles include Gothic
  Revival, Italianate, Stick, Eastlake, Queen Anne,
  Romanesque and Second Empire.

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Eiffel Tower, Tower Bridge, OHaraParis,
London, Chicago
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Arts and Crafts Movement in Design

• 1860 to 1900 AD
• Arts and Crafts was a late 19th-century backlash
  against the forces of industrialization. The Arts
  and Crafts movement revived an interest in
  handicrafts and sought a spiritual connection
  with the surrounding environment, both natural
  and manmade. The Craftsman Bungalow evolved from
  the Arts and Crafts movement.

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Gamble House Davis HousePasadena, California
Eugene, Oregon
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Art Nouveau Design

• 1890 to 1905 AD
• Known as the New Style, Art Nouveau was first
  expressed in fabrics and graphic design. The
  style spread to architecture and furniture in the
  1890s. Art Nouveau buildings often have
  asymmetrical shapes, arches and decorative
  surfaces with curved, plant-like designs.

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Behrens House Casa MilaDarmstadt, Germany
Barcelona, Spain
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Art Deco Design

• 1925 to 1935 AD
• Zigzag patterns and vertical lines create
  dramatic effect on jazz-age, Art Deco buildings.

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Chrysler Empire State BuildingNew York
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20th Century Trends in Design

• 1900 to Present
• The century has seen dramatic changes and
  astonishing diversity. Twentieth century trends
  include Art Moderne and the Bauhaus school coined
  by Walter Gropius, Deconstructivism, Formalism,
  Modernism, Structuralism and Postmodernism.

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Maison a Bordeaux, Harkness Commons, Kunsthal,
Seattle Library, ATTBordeaux, Harvard,
Rotterdam, Seattle, New York
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Resources

• http//www.greatbuildings.com/types/styles/
• http//architecture.about.com/cs/historicperiods/a
  /timeline.htm