Water Pollution

1
Water Pollution
Chapter 22
2
Types of Water Pollution

• Sewage

3
Types of Water Pollution

• Effect of sewage on dissolved oxygen and
  biological oxygen demand

4
Types of Water Pollution

• Eutrophication An Enrichment Problem

Oligotrophic lake
5
Types of Water Pollution

• Eutrophication An Enrichment Problem

Eutrophic lake
6
Types of Water Pollution

• Disease-Causing Agents

7
Types of Water Pollution

• Disease-Causing Agents
• Monitoring for Sewage

8
Types of Water Pollution

• Sediment Pollution

Low sediment load
9
Types of Water Pollution

• Sediment Pollution

High sediment load
10
Types of Water Pollution

• Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients
• The Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico

11
Types of Water Pollution

• Organic Compounds

12
Types of Water Pollution

• Inorganic Chemicals
• Lead
• Mercury

13
Types of Water Pollution

• Radioactive Substances
• Thermal Pollution

14
Water Quality Today

• Point source pollution
• (e.g., cyanide spill)
• Nonpoint source pollution
• (e.g., fertilizer runoff from agriculture fields)

15
Water Quality Today

• Water Pollution from Agriculture
• 72 of water pollution in rivers attributed to
  agriculture
• Chemical pesticides may leach into soil and then
  into water.

16
Water Quality Today

• Municipal Water Pollution

17
Water Quality Today

• Industrial Wastes in Water
• Problems depend upon industry
• Food processing ? high BOD
• Paper mills ? toxic compounds sludge
• Many US industries now treating wastewater
• (some can recover merchantable products)

18
Water Quality Today

• Groundwater Pollution

19
Water Quality Today

• Water Pollution in Other Countries
• Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

http//www.mnn.com/earth-matters/translating-uncle
-sam/stories/what-is-the-great-pacific-ocean-garba
ge-patch
http//www.usnews.com/science/articles/2010/04/15/
a-second-garbage-patch-plastic-soup-seen-in-atlant
ic.html
http//marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html
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Water Quality Today

• Water Pollution in Other Countries
• Po River, Italy

- Equivalent of the Mississippi River, - Sewage,
industrial wastes, sediment - gt16 million
Italians depend on the river for drinking water -
Pollution is so bad, swimming has been suspended
in parts, jeopardized tourism and fishing
21
Water Quality Today

• Water Pollution in Other Countries
• Ganges River, India

22
Water Quality Today

• Water Pollution in Other Countries
• Kwale, Kenya

- Water contaminated with disease-causing
organisms - Led to cholera and diarrhea outbreaks
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Water Quality Today

• Water Pollution in Other Countries
• Arsenic Poisoning in Bangladesh

- In 1980s world health organizations, sponsored
digging wells - Unfortunately, naturally
occurring arsenic led to wide-spread poisoning
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Improving Water Quality

• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process

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Improving Water Quality

• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process

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Improving Water Quality

• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process

Distributed to customers
Wastewater collected as sewage
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Improving Water Quality

• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process

Sewage treated
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Improving Water Quality

• Purification of Drinking Water
• Purification issues

• The Chlorine Dilemma
• Fluoridation

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Improving Water Quality

• Municipal Sewage Treatment

Primary and Secondary Sewage Treatment
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Improving Water Quality

• Municipal Sewage Treatment

Effectiveness of primary, secondary, and tertiary
sewage treatment
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Improving Water Quality

• Municipal Sewage Treatment
• Major problem associated with wastewater
  treatment is disposal of sludge
• Can be used as fertilizer, but there may be
  health risks (e.g., heavy metal poisoning)
• Used to be dumped in ocean, that is now banned
• Currently, most dumped in landfills

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Improving Water Quality

• Individual Septic Systems

Septic tank
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Improving Water Quality

• Individual Septic Systems

Drain field
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Laws Controlling Water Pollution

• Safe Drinking Water Act
• set the maximum contaminant level for drinking
  water
• Clean Water Act
• pertained to improving quality of rivers, lakes,
  aquifers, estuaries, and coastal waters

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Laws Controlling Water Pollution

• Case-in-Point Water Pollution in the Great Lakes

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Laws Controlling Water Pollution

• Laws That Protect Groundwater
• Safe Drinking Water Act
• Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act