Title: ??????? ??????? (Hybrid Car)
1??????? ???????(Hybrid Car)
www.thecartech.com
2??????? ????? ???????
- ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????
????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? - ???? ??? ????? 300 ??? (482) ?? ??? ???????
??????? ????? ??????. - ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????.
- ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????.
- - ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???
???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??
???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????. - - ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????
?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? 50 ???
100 ??? (80 ??? 161 ??) ??? ????? ??????? ???????
???????, ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???
???? ?? ????? ??? ????????. - -??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????
????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????
????????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.
www.thecartech.com
3????? ????????
- ???? ???????? ???????
- ??? ???? ?????? ????? (????? ???????)
- ??? ????? ??????? (????? ????????)
- ??? ???? ????? (????? ??? ???????)
- ??? ???? ????? (????? ??? ???????)
- ???? ???????? ??????? ???? (???????? ?? ??????)
4??????? ???????
- ?????
- ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????
??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?????
?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? - ??????? ????????.
- ??????? ????????.
- ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??
??????? ?? ?? ????.
5??????? ????????(series hybrid)
- ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????
?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????
???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????
?????? ??? ??????. - ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????
???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???.
6??????? ????????(parallel hybrid)
- ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????
???? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ????
???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????
??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ???????
???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???
????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ? ????
???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????
??????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????
??????? ???????? ???????, ????? ??? ??????
????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????.
7??????? ?????? (?????? ? ??????)
- ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????
???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????
???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????.
8????? ??????? ??????? ???????
-
- ???? ???????
- ???? ???????
- ??????? ?????????
- ?????? ?????????
- ??? ??????
9???? ???????
- ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????
????? ???????? ????? ????????, ???? ?????? ??
??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????
?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. - ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????
?????? ????? ?????? ?????, ? ????? ????? ??????
?????? ?????? ?????? (????? 4500 ???/ ?????) ??
??????? ??? ??????? ???????, ????? ???? ?????
??? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????
?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????.
10???? ???????
- ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????.
?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
??????????. ???? ???? ????? 125 ?????????? ??
????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? 1
???(0.800 ????????) ?? ???????.
11??????? ?????????
- ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????.
??? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????
?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????. - ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????
????? ???????. - ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??
???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. - ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???
???? ???????.
12?????? ?????????
- ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??
??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????. ??????? ??
?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????.
13??? ??????
- ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???
???? ?? ???????? ?????????. - ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???
?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? "????? ?????"
(Honda Insight). - ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? " ?????? ?????"
(Toyota Prius) ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
14??????? ??????? ??????- ?????Prius
- ?? ????? ??????? "??????- ?????" ?? ??????? ?????
?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? "?????
??????" ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???
????? (???) ??????? ?????- ??????. - ?????? ??????? "?????" ???? ???? ?????? ??
??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????
????? ??? ??????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???????.
15??????? ?????
- ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ??
- ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????, ???
???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????????. - ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???, ???? ??????? ????? ??
???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? (???????/ ??????)
?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????. - ?? ???? ???? (???? ????) ??? ???? ????
(???????/??????) ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????
?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????
??????. - ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ???? (???????/
??????) ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????.
16??????? ?????
- ??????? ???? ??? ???????
- ??? 2 ???? (???????/ ??????)
- ???? ????? ??????
- ?????? ????
17??????? ?????
- ??????? ???? ?? ???????
- ??????
- ?????? ???? ??????? ???????
18?- ??????? ????? ??????
- ????? ??????
- ???? ???? ?? ?????????, ? ?????? ???? ???? ????
???? ????? (DOHC- double overhead cam) ?????
?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????
???????? ?????????. - ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????
?? ??? ???????? (?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????
??? ????????) ???? ???????? ????? 101? ????
?????? ????? 201, ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????
?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???
??????. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
???????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????
????????. ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????
?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????? ??? ??? ???????? (??? ?? ???? ??? ????????
??? ??? ??? ????????). ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????
???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??
???????? (pumping loss). -
- ????? ???? ??? ?????? (???? ???? ??????) ???
?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
????? ?? ?????? ??????.
19?- ??????? ????? ??????
- ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????
- ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????
(offset) ?????? 12 ?? ?????? ???????? ????
????????, - ???? ?? ??? ??????,
- ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????
??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? - ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????,
- ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???
?????? ?????, - ??????? ???? ??????? ???????,
- ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????
?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????. - ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????
???? ???? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????
?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????
?????(catalyst) ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????
?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ????
???????? ?????? (adsorber). - ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????
?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? (?? ????????
????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????
????? ?????). - ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????
12 ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????
?????????? ????????
20 ?- ??????? ????? ???? (???????/ ??????)
- ???????
- ??????? " ?????" ??? ????? ???? ?????/ ????.
????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??
?????. ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???
?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????. ??????
????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????
????????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ???
???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?????
????? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ???? ??????
???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ??
???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????
????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????
?????? ???? ????????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??
?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????
???????? ??? ???????.
21?- ??????? ????? ???? (???????/ ??????)
- ???? ???????/ ?????? (1) (MG1-motor/generator 1)
- ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? 18
???????, ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????
??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??
???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????. - ???? ???????/ ?????? (2) (MG2- motor/generator 2)
- ??? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????
????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????
????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????. ? ???? ????
???????/ ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????. ???
??? ???? 33 ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???
??????? ?????? ????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??????
?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??
???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
22??????? ????????????? (inverters)
- ??? ?? ???????/ ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????
????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????,
????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? (????????)
??????? ??????. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????
???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????
??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????. ?????
????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????
?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????
????? ????? ????? ?????? (MG2) ????? ??? ????
??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????.
23?- ??????? ?????????????(battery)
- ????? ?????? ??????? "?????" ??????? ????? ?? 228
????, ???? ?????? ??????? 1.2 ???? ???? ??????
???????? 273.6 ????, ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???
???????? ?????? ???? ? .(D). ??? ??? ??????? ??
38 ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? 6 ?????. ???? ????
??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? 80 ?????
?? ??????? ?50 ????? ?? ?????. ????? ????????
???? ???? ?? 6.4 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????
2.56 ???? ???. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????
??????? ????? ??? 65 ???/ ???? (105 ??/ ????) 4
???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????.
??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???
0.23 ??? ?????.
24?- ??????? ????????????? (battery)
- ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? (NiMH
sealed nickel-metal hydride) ??? ??? 330 ????
??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????
??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.
???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????
???????/ ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????
????? ?????? ?????????. - ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 12 ????,
???? 28 ????? ????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????
?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????
???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????
????? ??? ???????? ????????.
25?- ??????? ????? (???? ????? ?????? (PSD-
(power split device)
- ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????
?????? ???????/ ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????
?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????
?????? (PSD). ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??
??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????
?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ???.
??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????
(??????????) ?? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ????
??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????.
????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????
???????/ ???? (1) ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ?
???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????/
?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? "?????"
?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????
???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??
???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????
?????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????.
26?- ??????? ????? (???? ????? ?????? (PSD-
(power split device)
- ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
????????.???? ???? ???????/ ?????? (1) ??????
?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????
???? ???? ???????. ????? ???????/ ?????? (2)
?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????
????????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????
(??????? ? ?????? , ???? ???????).
27??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
VSCVehicle System Control
- ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????
?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????.
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???, ??????? ????
???????, ???? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ???
?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????
??????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ???????
????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????
?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????
28??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????
-
- ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????
????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??
???? ????? ??????? ??? ????
29??????? ????? ???? ???? ....
- ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. - ???? ??? ??????.
- ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
- ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????
???? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ?
???? ????? ???? ???????, ????? ???? ???????
????????. - ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? (Cruise control).
- ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???????.
- ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? (Push button start)
- ???? ??? ??? ??????? (ABS) ?? ???? ????? ???????
??????????? (EBD) ????? ?????? ??????? (brake
assist) - ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? (VSC)
- ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????
(Voice-activated DVD navigation system) ,
???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????
?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? (Bluetooth) - ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????????.
30???????? ???????
- ?????? ??????? ???????
- ????? ??????
- ???? ???
- ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??
????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????. - ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????
???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????
???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???
??????? ???????. - ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???
??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? - ???? ??????? ???????
- ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????
???????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? 3000
????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????
???????? ??? 160.00 ???????. - ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????
160.000 ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????
??????? ?? ??? ?????? (3500 ?????).