CS1315: Introduction to Media Computation

1
CS1315 Introduction to Media Computation

• How the transformations worked, and how to make
  them better

2
Understanding and using image manipulations better

• Lets walk through mirroring in more detail
• Use the temple fixing example
• What was really going on there?
• More on what we can do with copying Rotating
• Lets talk about how to avoid the degradation of
  scaling

3
Program to mirror the temple

• def mirrorTemple()
• source makePicture(getMediaPath("temple.jpg"))
  
• mirrorpoint 277
• lengthToCopy mirrorpoint - 14
• for x in range(1,lengthToCopy)
• for y in range(28,98)
• p getPixel(source,mirrorpoint-x,y)
• p2 getPixel(source,mirrorpointx,y)
• setColor(p2,getColor(p))
• show(source)
• return source

4
Did it really work?

• It clearly did the mirroring, but that doesnt
  create a 100 realistic image.
• Check out the shadows Which direction is the sun
  coming from?

5
Understanding the Temple Fix

• What is the very first transfer of pixels from
  and to? Which (x,y) pixel from? Which (x,y)
  pixel to?
• What is the second set of pixels?
• How many pixels get copied?

6
Adding print statements to see whats happening

• def mirrorTemple()
• source makePicture(getMediaPath("temple.jpg"))
  
• mirrorpoint 277
• lengthToCopy mirrorpoint - 14
• for x in range(1,lengthToCopy)
• for y in range(28,98)
• print "Copying color from",mirrorpoint-x,y
• print "to",mirrorpointx,y
• p getPixel(source,mirrorpoint-x,y)
• p2 getPixel(source,mirrorpointx,y)
• setColor(p2,getColor(p))
• show(source)
• return source

7
First pixels are either side of the mirrorpoint,
then moving down

• gtgtgt p2mirrorTemple()
• Copying color from 276 28
• to 278 28
• Copying color from 276 29
• to 278 29
• Copying color from 276 30
• to 278 30

8
Counting pixels

• def mirrorTemple()
• source makePicture(getMediaPath("temple.jpg"))
  
• mirrorpoint 277
• lengthToCopy mirrorpoint - 14
• count 0
• for x in range(1,lengthToCopy)
• for y in range(28,98)
• p getPixel(source,mirrorpoint-x,y)
• p2 getPixel(source,mirrorpointx,y)
• setColor(p2,getColor(p))
• count count 1
• show(source)
• print "We copied",count,"pixels"
• return source

9
Counting pixels

• gtgtgt p2mirrorTemple()
• We copied 18340 pixels
• Where did that come from?
• How many rows? Y goes from 28 to 98
• 70 rows of pixels
• How many columns? X goes from 1 to 277-14263
• 262 columns of pixels
• 70 262 18340

10
Rotating the copy
def copyBarbSideways() Set up the source and
target pictures barbfgetMediaPath("barbara.jpg"
) barb makePicture(barbf) canvasf
getMediaPath("7inX95in.jpg") canvas
makePicture(canvasf) Now, do the actual
copying targetX 1 for sourceX in
range(1,getWidth(barb)1) targetY 1
for sourceY in range(1,getHeight(barb)1)
color getColor(getPixel(barb,sourceX,sourceY))
setColor(getPixel(canvas,targetY,targetX),
color) targetY targetY 1 targetX
targetX 1 show(barb) show(canvas) return
canvas
11
Rotating How it works

• We increment the same, but we use targetX for the
  Y coordinate and targetY for the X coordinate

12
Rotating How it works 2

• We increment sourceY and targetY just the same.

13
Rotate How it ends

• Same amount of increment, even same values in the
  variables, but a different result.

14
Did this really Rotate?

• No, it flipped along the main diagonal.
• What do we need to do to really rotate (either
  clockwise or counter-clockwise?)

15
Rotating the copy
def rotateBarbSideways() Set up the source
and target pictures barbfgetMediaPath("barbara.
jpg") barb makePicture(barbf) canvasf
getMediaPath("7inX95in.jpg") canvas
makePicture(canvasf) Now, do the actual
copying targetX 1 width getWidth(barb)
for sourceX in range(1,getWidth(barb)1)
targetY 1 for sourceY in range(1,getHeight(b
arb)1) color getColor(getPixel(barb,sour
ceX,sourceY)) setColor(getPixel(canvas,targe
tY,width-targetX1), color) targetY
targetY 1 targetX targetX 1
show(barb) show(canvas) return canvas
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What to do about scaling?

• How do we clear up the degradation of scaling up?
• Variety of techniques, but mostly following the
  same basic idea
• Use the pixels around to figure out what color a
  new pixel should be, then somehow (e.g., by
  averaging) compute the right color.
• Different techniques look at different pixels and
  compute different averages in different ways.

17
A blurring recipe

• def blur(pic,size)
• for pixel in getPixels(pic)
• currentX getX(pixel)
• currentY getY(pixel)
• r 0
• g 0
• b 0
• count 0
• for x in range(currentX - size,currentX
  size)
• for y in range(currentY - size, currentY
  size)
• if(xlt0) or (ylt0) or (x gt getWidth(pic))
  or (y gt getHeight(pic))
• pass Skip if we go off the edge
• else
• r r getRed(getPixel(pic,x,y))
• g g getGreen(getPixel(pic,x,y))
• b b getBlue(getPixel(pic,x,y))
• count count 1
• newColor makeColor(r/count,g/count,b/count)
• setColor(pixel,newColor)

Well see pass and else later, but you can
probably get a sense here of whats going on.
18
Blurring out the pixelation