The Grim Cost of War - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

The Grim Cost of War

Description:

The Grim Cost of War We set to work to bury people. We pushed them into the sides of the trenches but bits of them kept getting uncovered and sticking out, like ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:108
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 46
Provided by: NathanG5
Category:
Tags: cost | grim | imperialism | war | world

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The Grim Cost of War


1
The Grim Cost of War
  • We set to work to bury people. We pushed them
    into the sides of the trenches but bits of them
    kept getting uncovered and sticking out, like
    people in a badly made bed. Hands were the worst
    they would escape from the sand, pointing,
    beggingeven waving! There was one which we all
    shook when we passed, saying, Good morning, in
    a posh voice. Everybody did it. The bottom of the
    trench was springy like a mattress because of all
    the bodies underneath
  • Leonard Thompson, quoted in Akenfield

2
LONG-TERM CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
3
NATIONALISM
  • Loyalty and pride for ones nation
  • People usually share common language, history or
    culture
  • In Germany, many small regions united to form one
    country (late 1800s)

4
  • Problem small disputes between 2 countries can
    become major issues and involve many countries
  • Austria-Hungary and Russia
  • Made up of many minority groups
  • Many had a desire to unify all Slavic people
    (Pan-Slavism)
  • Austrian government was loyal to
  • Germany (Pan-Germanism)

5
MANY ETHNIC GROUPS FOUND WITHIN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
6
ALLIANCES
  • Fear and distrust among countries led to the
    formation of alliances
  • Discouraged attacks from enemies
  • Dangers
  • Gave countries a sense of security
  • A country may deal differently with another if it
    has support
  • Conflict will involve numerous countries instead
    of the original 2

7
Triple Entente
Triple Alliance
Great Britain
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Italy
Russia
8
IMPERIALISM
  • Domination by one country of the political,
    economic, or cultural life of another country or
    region (Colonies)
  • Major European nations began dividing up Africa,
    Asia and the Middle East into colonies
  • Supply raw materials for production
  • Larger market to sell goods
  • More opportunities for investments

9
EUROPEAN COLONIES WORLDWIDE
10
  • Britain was the worlds superpower throughout
    most of the 1700s and 1800s
  • However Germany began to out produce Britain by
    early 1900s
  • Also competing for colonies worldwide
  • Created an economic rivalry

11
MILITARISM
  • Glorification (build up) of the military
  • Military leaders began to gain more influence in
    national policy due to rivalry among countries
  • The public supported military build up and the
    use of force to achieve national goals

12
  • BRITAIN
  • Worlds best navy
  • Began to fear Germanys strength

British Warship
Kaiser Wilhelm
  • GERMANY
  • Best trained army in world
  • Significant increase in naval power(u-boats)

13
American Neutrality
  • Wilson declares the US to be neutral
  • Britain uses propaganda to gain US support
  • Also cut transatlantic cable to limit media
    coverage
  • US businesses and banks support Allies

14
Lusitania
  • May 1915 British passenger ship, Lusitania, sank
    by German U-Boat (128 Americans on board)

15
Sussex
  • U-boat shot at French ship, Sussex
  • Results in Sussex Pledge
  • President Wilson issued Germans a warning
  • Germany promised not to fire on merchant ships
    without warning- kept US out of war for a little
    longer

16
Zimmermann Telegram
  • Zimmerman Telegram
  • Secret telegram from Germany to Mexico asking
    them to fight against the U.S.intercepted by the
    British, angers the U.S.

US declares war on Germany
17
Buildingup the Military
  • National Defense Act increased the size of the
    army and trained officers through conscription
    and selective service (2.8 million drafted)
  • Women and African Americans served in the armed
    forces
  • Women in non-combat positions
  • African Americans faced discriminations and
    prejudice

18
Organizing Industry
  • War Industries Board- coordinated production of
    war materials
  • Victory Gardens
  • Liberty/Victory Bonds

19
Ensuring Public Support
  • Set up Committee on Public Information/George
    Creel
  • Hired writers to create propaganda to swing
    public opinion in favor of the war
  • Espionage Act of 1917- made it illegal to spy or
    interfere with government
  • Sedition Act of 1918- no public opposition of war
  • Schenck v. the United States- Supreme Court rules
    that a persons freedom of speech is limited when
    the words constitute a clear and present danger
  • Ex. Yelling fire! in a crowded theatre

20
An Industrialized War
  • Weapons were produced with the same efficient
    methods of mass production that industrialists
    had applied to other products

21
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN WARFARE
  • Machine Gun
  • Accurate and rapid fire
  • 1 man could hold off a hundred

22
The Machine Gun
  • One of the most important weapons of WWI
  • Highly effective
  • Land armies often found any advance difficult and
    costly

23
Machine Guns
24
Trench Warfare
  • Protection from machine gun fire and artillery
    bombardments
  • Armies dug large trenches where they might live
    for months

25
(No Transcript)
26
British boys play acting Trench Warfare
27
Tanks
  • Introduced by the British
  • An armored vehicle mounted with guns
  • Enabled troops to break though enemy lines

28
TANKS
  • Armored vehicle designed to break trenches
  • Protected advancing troops
  • Often slow and clumsy

29
POISONOUS GAS
  • Various gases caused choking, blinding, or skin
    blisters
  • Used to kill or disable troops during an attack
  • Gas masks lessened the effectiveness

30
Poison Gas
  • Germans were 1st to use chlorine gas in 1915
    (Battle of Ypres)
  • Caused a burning sensation to the throat and
    chest pains. Painful death by suffocation
  • Weather had to be just rightany wind could blow
    gas back on your own men
  • Mustard gas was most deadly weapon used
  • Fired into the trenches in shellscolorless and
    takes 12 hours to begin working (death can take
    up to 5 weeks)
  • Effects include blistering skin, vomiting, sore
    yes, internal and external bleeding

31
Poison Gas
  • The Germans were the first to use it
  • The Allies quickly followed suit

32
American wearing a Gas Mask
British Horse wearing a Gas Mask
33
American wearing a respirator
Sounding the gong in preparation of a gas attack
34
Casualties From Gas - The Numbers
Country Total Casualties Death
Austria-Hungary 100,000 3,000
British Empire 188,706 8,109
France 190,000 8,000
Germany 200,000 9,000
Italy 60,000 4,627
Russia 419,340 56,000
USA 72,807 1,462
Others 10,000 1,000
35
FLAMETHROWERS
  • Used to clear enemy trenches
  • Could be hazardous carrying into combat

36
  • Used for observation early
  • Later on dogfights were carried out
  • Overall, minor impact on the war

AIRPLANES
37
Airplanes
  • Airplanes in the early 1900s were neither very
    maneuverable nor very fast
  • They were used primarily for observing troop
    movements and for dropping explosives

38
Gun on German Airplane
Balloons were also used in WWI
39
U- BOATS (Unterseeboot)
  • Underwater ships launch torpedoes or bombs
  • Used mostly by Germans to destroy Allied shipping
    and break blockades

40
Submarines/U-boats
  • Did serious damage to Allied shipping

41
Loading torpedoes into a French submarine
42
The Draft
  • Most European wars before this time had been
    fought by professional soldiers who worked for
    money and rations
  • WWI was fought by armies of drafted citizens
  • Those who could not fight worked at home to help
    the war effort
  • Many women participated in the war effort by
    working in factories
  • Governments made use of propaganda

43
Move Toward Peace
  • Peace conference begins January 1919 in Paris
  • Big Four
  • President Wilson, British Prime Minister David
    Lloyd George, French Premier Georges Clemenceau,
    Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
  • Fourteen Points
  • President Wilsons plan for peace
  • League of Nations- help to prevent wars

44
Fourteen Points
  • Allies felt it was too easy on Germany
  • Required Germany to disband armed forces
  • Had to accept blame and pay reparations
  • Many members of Congress opposed the Treaty of
    Versailles (thought the League of Nations would
    drag the U.S. into conflict)
  • Wilson suffers a stroke
  • Senate refuses Treaty of Versailles, signs
    individual treaties with the Central Powers
  • League of Nations starts without the U.S.

45
The Red Scare
  • Strikes cause fear of Communist revolution within
    the U.S.
  • U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmers house
    is damaged by a bomb (Communists are blamed)
  • Palmer sets up General Intelligence Division,
    headed by J. Edgar Hoover (later became the FBI)
  • Palmer Raids- Raids on private homes and
    businesses conducted by the GIB to investigate
    communists
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com