Drama and Shakespeare

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Drama and Shakespeare
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Drama

• A form of literature known as a play.
• A serious type of play that concerns the
  character versus society.
• Drama is a type of literary work intended to be
  performed for an audience.

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3 Important Elements in Drama

• 1. Story - there has to be one
• 2. Performance - must be acted out.
• 3. Audience - people who experience the story

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What does an audience need?

• To use imagination - Very important
• Must have scenery or setting
• They must understand a story line
• Characters or actors to perform the story
• Props are important for the modern audience
• Costumes simple or extravagant
• The movements of the characters

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Drama Terms

• Allegory - a story in which people, things, and
  actions represent an idea or a generalization
  about life. Often have a moral or teach a
  lesson.
• Allusion - a reference in literature to a
  familiar person, place, or thing.
• Anecdote - a short summary of an interesting or
  humorous, incident or event.
• Aside - words spoken so that the audience can
  hear but other characters cannot. The audience
  learns about the characters thoughts and
  emotions.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Character sketch - a short piece of writing that
  reveals or shows something important about a
  person or fictional character.
• Comedy - literature with a love story at its
  core. In comedy, human errors or problems may
  appear humorous.
• Conflict - the struggle in a story that triggers
  the action. There must be action in drama.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Denouement - the final solution or outcome of a
  play or story.
• Dialogue - is the conversation carried on by the
  characters in a literary work.
• Deus ex machina a person or thing that suddenly
  appears providing a solution to a difficult
  problem. Usually lowered to the stage by a
  crane/lift.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Didactic literature instructs or presents a
  moral or religious statement.
• Dramatic monologue where a character speaks
  about him/herself as if another person were
  present. Reveals something about the character
• Elizabethan refers to the prose and poetry
  created during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558
  1603)

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Drama Terms cont.

• Epitaph a short poem/verse written in memory of
  someone

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Drama Terms cont.

• Empathy - putting yourself into someone elses
  place and imagining how that person must feel.
• Epithet a word or phrase used to characterize a
  character. (ie. Ms. Know-it-all)
• Expressionism - dramatic form which explores the
  ultimate nature of human experience.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Farce literature based on a highly humorous and
  highly improbable plot.
• Flashback going back to an earlier time to make
  something more clear to the audience.
• Foreshadowing giving hints of what is to come
  later in a story.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Diction - is an authors choice of words based on
  their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.
• Archaic - words that are old-fashioned and no
  longer sound natural when used.
• Colloquialism - an expression that is usually
  accepted in informal situations and certain
  locations.
• Jargon - (technical diction) a specialized
  language used by a specific group, such as those
  who use computers or those in the medical
  profession

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Drama Terms cont.

• Profanity - language that shows disrespect for
  someone or something regarded as holy or sacred.
• Slang - language used by a particular group of
  people among themselves it is also language that
  is used in fiction to lend color and feeling.
• Trite - Expressions that lack depth or
  originality (overworked)
• Vulgarity - is language that is generally
  considered common, crude, gross, and , at times,
  offensive. It is often used to add realism to
  literature.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Hubris excessive pride (GK) often viewed as
  the flaw that leads to the downfall of the tragic
  hero.
• Impressionism the recording of events or
  situations as they have been impressed upon the
  mind as feelings, emotions, and vague thoughts.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Irony using a word or phrase to mean the exact
  opposite of its literal or normal meaning
• Dramatic the reader or the audience sees a
  characters mistakes, but the character doesnt
• Verbal the writer says one thing and means
  another
• Situation there is a great difference between
  the purpose of a particular action and the result.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Local Color - the use of details that are common
  in a region of the country.
• Melodrama - an exaggerated form of drama heavy
  use of romance, suspense, and emotion.
• Miracle Play early play form (cycle play)
  dramatizing Christian history in episodes used
  during the medieval period.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Morality play an allegorical drama (15C) which
  made a moral or religious point.
• Myth traditional story that attempts to explain
  a natural phenomenon or a certain belief of
  society
• Narrator - the person who is telling the story.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Parable short, descriptive story that
  illustrates a particular belief or moral.
• Paradox a statement that seems contrary to
  common sense yet may in fact be true. The coach
  considered it a good loss.
• Parody form of literature that mocks a
  particular purpose. A comic effect is intended.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Pathos - a Greek root meaning suffering or
  passion. Describes the part in a play that is
  intended to elicit pity or sorrow from the
  audience.
• Poetic justice - a term that describes a
  character getting what he deserves in the end,
  especially if what he deserves is punishment.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Pun a word or phrase that is used in such a way
  as to suggest more than one possible meaning.
• Quest features a main character who is seeking
  to find something or achieve a goal. The person
  must encounter and overcome a series of
  obstacles. They return with new wisdom as a
  result of their journey.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Realism - literature that attempts to represent
  life as it really is.
• Resolution - same as denouement
• Romance a form of literature that presents life
  the way we would like it to be great adventure,
  love, and excitement
• Romanticism a literary movement with an
  emphasis on the imagination and emotions

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Drama Terms cont.

• Sarcasm - the use of praise to mock someone or
  something.
• Satire - literary tone used to ridicule or make
  fun of a human weakness.
• Setting - time and place of a story

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Drama Terms cont.

• Soliloquy a speech delivered by a character
  when he or she is alone on stage
• Stereotype - a pattern or form that does not
  change.
• Script - is the piece of writing that an actor
  reads from and memorizes lines. The original
  writing from the author.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Tragic hero a character who experiences an
  inner struggle due to a character flaw and it
  ends in defeat for the hero.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Total effect - is the general impression a
  literary work leaves on the reader.
• Tragedy - a literary work in which the hero is
  destroyed by some character flaw and by forces
  beyond his or her control.
• Playwright/Dramatist - is the writer of a play

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Drama Terms cont.

• Sequence - is the order of events in which
  something happens during the story.
• Fade in - where the lights slowly come up and the
  scene is before the audience.
• Fade out - usually at the end of a scene the
  lights usually dim and the acting space goes dark.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Proscenium Arch - a border which framed the space
  on which a plays action took place. A room with
  one wall removed. A 19th Century type of stage.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Theatre in the Round - an open stage, where the
  actors are very close in distance to the
  audience. Audience on three sides of the stage.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Act a main division of a drama. Shakespeares
  consist of five acts with each act subdivided
  into scenes.
• Scene a small unit of a play in which there is
  no shift of locale or time
• Rhetoric the art of persuasion, used by
  speakers to add emotion to their words.

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Drama Terms cont.

• Stage directions - locations on the stage that
  tell actors where to position themselves. See
  handout
• Epiphany a sudden perception that causes a
  character to change or act in a certain way. (An
  AH HA moment.)

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Drama Terms cont.
Malapropism a type of pun, or play on words,
that results when two words become jumbled in the
speakers mind. Naturalism extreme form of
realism author shows the relationship between
character and the environment
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Drama Terms cont.

• Oxymoron a combination of contradictory terms
  such as tough love.
• Pathetic Fallacy a form of personification
  giving human traits to nature howling wind
• Slapstick a form of low comedy that often
  includes exaggerated, sometimes violent action.

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Shakespeares Language

• Hoodwinked tricked
• All the worlds a stage we are all actors
• Neither rhyme nor reason
• In my heart of hearts
• Eat out of house and home
• Dead as a doornail
• The be-all and the end-all

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Shakespeares Language

• Knock! Knock! Whos there?
• Full of sound and fury
• What the dickens
• Laughing-stock
• Wear my heart on my sleeve
• Pomp and circumstance
• Green-eyed monster

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Shakespeares Language

• Wild-goose chase
• A fools paradise
• To not budge an inch
• An eye-sore
• Melted into thin air
• Laugh yourself into stitches

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William Shakespeare

• Born April 23, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon
• Parents John (glovemaker) and Mary
• Married November 28, 1582 to Anne Hathaway (she
  was 8 years senior and 3 months pregnant)

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Shakespeare cont.

• First child Susanna May 1583
• Second child Twins Hamnet and Judith in 1585.
• In his 20s he travels to London and becomes
  involved in the theatre (acting and writing)

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Shakespeare cont.

• Plays written by 1592
• The Comedy of Errors - C
• Taming of the Shrew - C
• Henry VI parts I, II, III - H
• Titus Andronicus - T

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Shakespeare cont.

• 1594 Founds The Lord Chamberlains Men acting
  company he is a shareholder
• Perform at the following
• The Theatre
• The Curtain
• The Globe

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Shakespeare cont.

• Plays between 1592 1599
• Midsummer Nights Dream - C
• Romeo and Juliet - T
• Richard II - H
• Much Ado About Nothing - C
• Henry V - H
• Julius Caesar - T
• As You Like It - C

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Shakespeare cont.

• Tragedy strikes in 1596 Hamnet dies
• Tragedy strikes in 1601 Wills father dies
• Name change 1603 Queen Elizabeth dies King
  James I renames the company The Kings Men

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Shakespeare cont.

• Plays written between 1600 1608
• Twelfth Night
• King Lear
• Hamlet
• Alls Well That Ends Well
• Measure for Measure
• Othello
• Macbeth
• Anthony and Cleopatra

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Shakespeare cont.

• Kings Men move to an indoor theatre The
  Blackfriars
• Plays written between 1608 1611
• Pericles
• Cymbeline
• The Winters Tale
• The Tempest

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Shakespeare cont.

• Semi Retirement 1611 It is assumed that he
  returns to Stratford however, he continues to
  collaborate with a new playwright
• March 25, 1616 draws up his last will leave his
  wife their second best bed money to some
  friends for memorial rings and does not mention
  any of the scripts.

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Shakespeare cont.

• Curtain Call April 23, 1616 buried in Holy
  Trinity Church
• Good Friend For Jesus Sake Forbeare, To Digg
  The Dust Encloased Heare. Bleste Be Ye
  Man Yt Spares These Stones And Curst Be He Yt
  Moves My Bones.