Population

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Population
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If we shrank the Earth's population to a village
of 100 people, with all of the existing human
ratios remaining the same, there would be
57 Asians                                         
     52 females 21 Europeans                     
                      48 males   8 Africans 14
people from the Western Hemisphere
               (north and south) 30
Christians                                        
    6 U.S. citizens holding 70 Non-Christians
60 of the worlds wealth 70 unable to
read                                     1 with a
college education     80 living in substandard
housing 1 with their own computer 50
suffering from malnutrition 1 near
death                                           
       1 near birth                              
                           Source Mercy
Housing Midwest, Omaha, NE.
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Critical Issues in Population Geography

• More people are alive today than at any other
  time in human history.
• The worlds population increased at a faster rate
  during the second half of the 20th century than
  ever before.
• Virtually all population growth today occurs in
  less developed countries (LDCs)

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Key Population Issues

• Key Issues
• Where is the world's population distributed?
• Where has the world's population increased?
• Why is population increasing at different rates
  in different countries?
• 4. Why might the world face an overpopulation
  problem?

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Population Distribution

• Key Issue 1 Where Is the World's Population
  Distributed?
• Population concentrations
• Sparsely populated regions
• Population density

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Distribution of World Population

• Population concentrations
• The four largest population clusters (2/3 of
  worlds population)
• 1. East Asia China, Japan, Korean Penn. (1/4)
• 2. South Asia India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri
  Lanka (1.4)
• 3. Southeast Asia Indonesia, Indochina Penn.
  (islands)
• 4. Europe Western Europe, Eastern Europe (High
  population of city dwellers)
• Other population clusters
• 1. Northeastern United States
• 2. Southeastern Canada
• 3. Western Africa Half live in Nigeria

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Population Distribution
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World Population Distribution
World population is very unevenly distributed
across the Earths surface and it can be
compared to climate distribution.
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World Population Cartogram
This cartogram displays countries by the size of
their population rather than their land area.
(Only countries with 50 million or more people
are named.)
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Population Distribution

• Sparsely populated regions
• -The ecumene permanent human settlement
• -People generally avoid
• Dry lands 20 of surface desert no H2O. Do
  Contain natural resources though (oil)
• Cold lands crops cant grow, frozen ground
• Wet lands rain heat flooding, nutrient
  depletion
• High lands steep and cold

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Expansion of the Ecumene 5000 B.C.A.D. 1900
The ecumene, or the portion of the Earth with
permanent human settlement, has expanded to
cover most of the worlds land area.
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World Population Distribution by Region
18002050
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Population Density

• Arithmetic Density the total number of people
  divided by the total land area ( This measure is
  also called population density.) Arithmetic
  density enables geographers to make approximate
  comparisons of the number of people trying to
  live on a given piece of land in different
  regions of the world.
• There is no relationship between arithmetic
  density and standard of living.

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Arithmetic Population Density
Arithmetic population density is the number of
people per total land area. The highest densities
are found in parts of Asia and Europe.
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Effect of Migration on Population Growth

• QA. How densely populated is the planet?
• 1st Western Europe, 433 people per sq. mile
• 2nd Caribbean, 417 people per sq. mile
• Least densely settled region is Oceania 10
  people per sq. mile
• United States is 78 people per sq. mile
• Q. Does high density in urbanized areas equal
  environmental degradation????

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Population Densities, 2003

• Region Pop./Sq. Mile
• World 122 Caribbean 417
• More Developed Countries 61 South America 52
• Less Developed Countries 160 Asia 312
• Africa 74 Western Asia 112
• Sub-Saharan Africa 76 South Central Asia 376
• Northern Africa 57 Southeast Asia 313
• Western Africa 108 East Asia 334
• Eastern Africa 107 Europe 82
• Middle Africa 41 Northern Europe 141
• Southern Africa 49 Western Europe 433
• North America 42 Eastern Europe 41
• Latin America 68 Southern Europe 288
• Central America 150 Oceania 10
• Source Population Reference Bureau, 2003 World
  Population Data

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Physiological Density

• A more meaningful population measure is by
  looking at the number of people per area of a
  certain type of land in a region.
• The number of people supported by a unit of
  arable land is called the physiological density.
• Comparing physiological and arithmetic densities
  helps geographers to understand the capacity of
  the land to yield enough food for the needs of
  people.

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Physiological Density
Physiological density is the number of people
per arable land area. This is good measure of
the relation between population and agricultural
resources in a society.
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Agriculture Density

• Two countries can have similar physiological
  densities, but they may produce different amounts
  of food because of different economic conditions.
  Agriculture density is the ratio of the number of
  farmers to the amount of arable land.
• The Netherlands has a much higher physiological
  density than does India but a lower agriculture
  density.
• Agriculture density is directly related to
  standard of living the lower the agricultural
  density, the higher the standard of living why?

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Measures of Density
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Distribution of World Population Growth

• Key Issue 2 Where has the Worlds Population
  Increased?
• Natural Increase the percentage by which a
  population grows in a year
• Crude birth rate (CBR) the number of births per
  1,000 population
• Crude death rate (CDR) the number of deaths per
  1,000 population
• Doubling time the number of years needed to
  double a population

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World Population Growth19502010
Total world population increased from 2.5 to 6
billion in this half century. The natural
increase rate peaked in the early 1960s and has
declined since, but the number of people added
each year did not peak until 1990.
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World Population Growth, 17502150
Source United Nations, World Population
Prospects, The 1998 Revision and estimates by
the Population Reference Bureau.
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v9_9SutNmfFkfeature
BFlistULadYPZ59_AUcindex1
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Natural Increase

• QA When could world population stop growing?
• First one half million years the population
  growth rate was about zero
• 1700s modern era of population growth began
• Between 1850 and 1900, the annual growth rate
  reached 0.5 percent
• By the mid-1960s rate surged to 2.0 percent
• Dropped to 1.7 percent by the mid-1980s, and
  declined to about 1.4 percent by 2000.

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Natural Increase Rates
The natural increase rate (NIR) is the
percentage growth or decline in the population of
a country per year (not including net migration).
Countries in Africa and Southwest Asia have the
highest current rates, while Russia and some
European countries have negative rates.
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Crude Birth Rates
The crude birth rate (CBR) is the total number
of births in a country per 1,000 population per
year. The lowest rates are in Europe, and the
highest rates are in Africa and several Asian
countries.
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Crude Death Rates
The crude death rate (CDR) is the total number of
deaths in a country per 1,000 population per
year. Because wealthy countries are in a late
stage of the demographic transition, they often
have a higher CDR than poorer countries.
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Population Growth through Natural Increase,
17752000
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Total Fertility Rates
The Total fertility rate (TFR) is the number of
children an average woman in a society will have
through her childbearing years. The lowest rates
are in Europe, and the highest are in Africa and
parts of the Middle East.
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Infant Mortality Rates
The infant mortality rate is the number of infant
deaths per 1,000 live births per year. The
highest infant mortality rates are found in some
of the poorest countries of Africa and Asia.
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World Infant Mortality Rates in Selected
Countries, 2000
Source Carl Haub and Diana Cornelius, 2000 World
Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC Population
Reference Bureau, 2000).
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Life Expectancy at birth
Life expectancy at birth is the average number of
years a newborn infant can expect to live. The
highest life expectancies are generally in the
wealthiest countries, and the lowest in the
poorest countries.
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Doubling Time

• Doubling Time of a population (years)
• 70 / Population Growth Rate ()
• ( 70 / 2.0 35 years )
• Rule of 70 determine how long it would take for
  a population to double at its present growth
  rate.
• divide 70 by the populations annual growth rate
  to determine the years needed to double the size
  of the population.

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Human Population Doubling Time
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Why has the worlds population grown at such
different rates throughout history?

• 3 variables births, deaths, and migration
• Balancing Equation
• A. The difference between births and deaths in a
  population produces the natural increase(or
  decrease) of a population.
• B. Net migration is the difference between the
  number of persons entering a geographic area
  (immigrants) and those leaving (emigrants)
• C. Natural increase usually accounts for the
  greatest amount of growth in a population,
  especially within a short period of time.

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Population increases at different rates

• Key Issue 3 Why is population increasing at
  different rates in different countries?
• The demographic transition model
• Population pyramids
• Countries in different stages of demographic
  transition
• Demographic transition and world population growth