Development models

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Development models
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Linear model

• 1950s, 1960s- countrys development was seen in
  terms of its economic growth i.e. GNP OR GDP
• If economic growth, then more money invested in
  development, then standard of living would rise
• Result rich countries invested money in poorer
  nations
• World Bank, IMF established to lend money to
  poorer countries

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Problem with this model?

• Belief that all countries developed in the same
  manner, so if poorer, then just behind richer
  ones

4
Capitalist/ Socialist Industrial Model

• Southern countries had little or no access to
  land, wealth or power
• Split between poor or wealthy citizens
  accentuated by new money poured into hands of the
  elite
• This in turn led to rebellions and uprisings of
  people in poorer circumstances

5
Capitalist/Socialist model-contd

• Often had bureaucracies that were too wealthy and
  infringed on the rights of the common person

6
Additional problems

• Many large-scale development projects led to
  ecological or environmental problems (Aswan Dam
  in Egypt)
• Equipment and technology often inappropriate to
  citizens no training on operation or
  maintenance, no resources for upkeep, etc.
• Poor infrastructure (roads or bridges)

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Additional problems- cont

• Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) usually
  better equipped to help with smaller scale
  projects
• Sometimes historically, projects were developed
  without consideration of cultural differences
  (Ghana water pumps)
• Later, more consultation was made with local
  people so improved ideas