The Organization of American States (OAS) The United Nations

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The Organization of American States (OAS) The
United Nations
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Monroe Doctrine

• First, it conveys that European countries cannot
  colonize in any of the Americas North, Central,
  or South.
• Second, it enforces Washington's rule of foreign
  policy, in which the U.S. will only be involved
  in European affairs if America's rights are
  disturbed.
• Finally, the U.S. will consider any attempt at
  colonization a threat to its national security.

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• In January 2005, a revolution in Haiti deposed
  the dictator, Duvalier.
• With Haiti in chaos, the United States intervened
  to bring peace to the country.
• What was the justification of the U.S for this
  action?

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Roosevelt Corollary

• The Roosevelt Corollary was Theodore Roosevelts
  amendment to the Monroe Doctrine.
• The Corollary warranted American authority over
  this in the region. Simply it was to protect the
  security in Panama, where its was building a
  canal, from the overpowering European nations.
• The U.S. wanted their interests to be completely
  out of harms way. As Roosevelt stated Chronic
  wrongdoing would cause the United States to
  exercise an international police power in Latin
  America.

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The Organization of American States (OAS)

• Includes United States and most countries South
  America.
• Forms an alliance to protect the countries in the
  Western Hemisphere.

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OAS- Bio

• Established April 30, 1948
• Members include Thirty Five Independent American
  Countries
• Headquarters in Washington, D.C.

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Goals of OAS

• To strengthen the peace and security of the
  continent.
• To promote representative democracy.
• To prevent and settle disputes between countries.
  
• To form an alliance for protection between
  countries.

Headquarters in Washington DC
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Goals of the OAS (continued)

• To settle trade disputes
• To promote economic and cultural development.
• To eradicate extreme poverty
• To limit arms build-up

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The OAS
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OAS Nations
    Argentina     Bolivia     Brazil     Chile     Colombia     Costa Rica     Cuba     Dominican Republic     Ecuador     El Salvador     Guatemala     Haiti     Honduras     Mexico     Nicaragua     Panama     Paraguay     Peru     United States     Uruguay     Venezuela
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OAS Nations (Continued)

•     Barbados (member since 1967)
•     Trinidad and Tobago (1967)
•     Jamaica (1969)
•     Grenada (1975)
•     Suriname (1977)
•     Dominica (1979)
•     Saint Lucia (1979)
•     Antigua and Barbuda (1981)
•     Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1981)
•     Bahamas (1982)
•     Saint Kitts and Nevis (1984)
•     Canada (1990)
•     Belize (1991)
•     Guyana (1991)

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Cuba and the OAS

• Cuba is currently excluded from the OAS due to
  its Communist government.
• (remember Containment?)

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The United Nations
Flag
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History of the United NationsLeague of Nations

• When the League of Nations was formed after WW I,
  the U.S refused to join.
• Without the U.S, the League was very weak.
• The League was unable to prevent Hitlers
  imperialism.
• This led to WW II.

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Establishment of the United Nations

• The United Nations was founded by the United
  Nations Charter October 24, 1945
• 51 nations signed the Charter
• The United States was the first to sign

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The Six Main Parts Of the UN

• General Assembly,
• Security Council,
• Economic and Social Council,
• Trusteeship Council
• Secretariat are based at UN Headquarters in New
  York.
• International Court of Justice, is located at The
  Hague in the Netherlands.

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The General Assembly

• All UN Member States are represented in the
  General Assembly also known as "parliament of
  nations or the town hall meeting of the world
• Meets once a year, usually begun in September and
  lasting until December at the headquarters in New
  York
• Each Member State has one vote.
• Decisions on such key issues as international
  peace and security, admitting new members and the
  UN budget are decided by two-thirds majority.
  Other matters are decided by simple majority.

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The Security Council

• Responsible for maintaining international peace
  and security.
• There are 15 Council members. Five of these
  China, France, the Russian Federation, the United
  Kingdom and the United States are permanent
  members. The other 10 are elected by the General
  Assembly for two-year terms.
• Decisions of the Council require nine yes votes.
  Except in votes on procedural questions, a
  decision cannot be taken if there is a no vote,
  or veto, by a permanent member.

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The Security Council (continued)

• The Council can take measures to enforce its
  decisions. It can impose economic sanctions or
  order an arms embargo. On rare occasions, the
  Council has authorized Member States to use "all
  necessary means," including collective military
  action, to see that its decisions are carried
  out.

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Measures taken by the Security Council

• Economic sanctions- nations who are a member of
  the U.N. will stop trading with a country until
  they change a certain policy.
• Arms Embargo- Stop exchanging military
  intelligence or weapons to nations who are going
  against the UN charter

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The Secretariat

• The Secretariat carries out the administrative
  work of the United Nations as directed by the
  General Assembly, the Security Council and any
  other organs.
• The Secretariat consists of departments and
  offices with a total staff of some 7,500 under
  the regular budget, and a nearly equal number
  under special funding. They are drawn from some
  170 countries.

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The International Court of Justice

• The International Court of Justice, also known as
  the World Court, is the main judicial organ of
  the UN. Consisting of 15 judges elected jointly
  by the General Assembly and the Security Council,
  the Court decides disputes between countries.
• Participation by States in a proceeding is
  voluntary, but if a State agrees to participate,
  it is obligated to comply with the Court's
  decision.

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NATO

• The core of NATO is Article V of the NATO Treaty,
  which states
• The Parties agree that an armed attack against
  one or more of them in Europe or North America
  shall be considered an attack against them all.
  Consequently they agree that, if such an armed
  attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the
  right of individual or collective self-defence
  recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the
  United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties
  so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and
  in concert with the other Parties, such action as
  it deems necessary, including the use of armed
  force, to restore and maintain the security of
  the North Atlantic area.
• Basically A huge Alliance between Europe and
  North America!!

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NATO

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• A military alliance between the U.S., Canada, and
  Europe
• It was created to stop the spread of communism in
  Europe and North America
• Provides a common defense

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Map of NATO countries
Membership of NATO in Europe
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Wrap-up Activity

• What is the purpose of each organization
  discussed today? (OAS, UN, NATO)
• Write a summary statement for each. Answers need
  to include specific details!
• How are they different? How are they similar?