World War II

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World War II
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LEADERS OF THE AXIS POWERS

• ITALY- MUSSOLINI
• JAPAN-HIROHITO
• GERMANY-HITLER

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Events leading to WWII

• Italy
• Benito Mussolini seized power, became dictator
  and made Italy a fascist state

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Events leading to WWII

• Japan
• Invaded and took the Chinese province of
  Manchuria.
• Protested by League of Nations

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Events leading to WWII

• Germany
• Adolph Hitler became Fuehrer (leader) of Germany

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Events leading to WWII

• Hitler
• Destroyed the Republic
• Persecuted Jews
• Drove out political enemies
• Made Germany a totalitarian state (one party)
  state

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Events leading to WWII

• Mussolinis army invaded and conquered Ethiopia
  in Africa

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Events leading to WWII

• German Troops marched into the Rhineland (area
  between Germany and France) in violation of
  Treaty of Versailles.

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Events leading to WWII

• Germany and Italy sent planes and troops to
  Francisco Franco, a revolutionary leader in
  Spain.

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Events leading to WWII

• Germany and Italy formed the Rome-Berlin Axis
  (Later Japan joined , making it the
  Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis)

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Events leading to WWII

• Japan began an undeclared war with china.
• Though the democracies condemned Japans action,
  the U.S. and England continued to ship vital war
  materials to her

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Events leading to WWII

• Hitlers Legions marched into Austria and annexed
  it to Germany.

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Events leading to WWII

• Hitler threatened war if the Sudetenland (part of
  Czechoslovakia) were not turned over to Germany

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Events leading to WWII

• France and England, anxious to avoid war,
  appeased Hitler and gave the area to him.
• He then demanded and got the remainder of
  Czechoslovakia after signing a non-aggression
  pact with Russia

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Events leading to WWII

• September 1, 1939 Germany attacks Poland
• This marked the beginning of World War II
• France and Great Britain declare war on Germany
• Russia invades Poland from the east and seized
  the Baltic states.

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The Axis Powers The Allied Powers

• Germany France
• Italy Great Britain
• Japan Russia

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The United States attempts to remain Neutral
(isolationism)

• As Germany and Japan gained ground, the U.S.
  changes her policy from one of strict neutrality
  to one of aiding the Allies Short of War

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Events leading to WWII

• Lend Lease Act, 1941, authorized the President to
  send aid to the Allies. The U.S. became the
  arsenal of democracy

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Events leading to WWII

• The U.S. Made preparations for defense in case
  of war
• Billions of dollars were appropriated for
  strengthening the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
• In 1940, the Selective Service Act was passed to
  raise an army of fighting men.

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Western Front

• April 1940, Germany invades and occupies Denmark
  (four hours) and Norway (four days)
• May 1940, Hitler invades Holland (three days)
  and Belgium (fourteen days). His army skirts the
  Marginal Line of France and races to the English
  Channel

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Norway
Denmark
Holland
Belgium
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Western Front

• June 1940, France is forced to surrender in the
  same railway car in the forest at Campiegne,
  where Germany signed the Armistice in 1918. Then
  Hitler orders the railway car blown up.
• The British Expeditionary forces are pushed back
  to Dunkirk Belgium with the backs to the Sea
• Through a supreme effort the entire army is
  evacuated by the British Navy but all their
  equipment is lost.

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Western Front

• July 1940- Hitler begins preparations for the
  invasion of England. Winston Churchill becomes
  Prime Minister of England (Great Britain) and
  vows to fight on.

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Western Front

• August 1940- Germany begins the Blitzkrieg
  (Lightning War) against England by trying to bomb
  her into submission

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Western Front

• September 1940- The Royal Air Force (RAF) Turns
  back the German Air Force and forces them to give
  up round-the- clock bombing. Now the Germans can
  only carry out nightly terror raids.

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Western Front

• October 1940- Hitler gives up plans to invade
  Great Britain and decides to turn against Russia.
  He plans to defeat England with submarines by
  cutting off supplies. His U-boast sink more than
  a British ship a day

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Western Front

• June 1941- Hitler invades Russia. His army drives
  a thousand miles into Russia. At a spot fifteen
  miles form Moscow, he is stopped by the Russian
  Winter.

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Start of WWII
Blitzkrieg
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Western Front

• 1941- Mussolini invades Egypt and is thrown out
  by the British.
• 1941- Italy and Hitler invade and conquers
  Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece,
  and Crete.
• This is done with the leadership of Field
  Marshall Rommell for Germany, known as the
  desert fox.

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Germany
Field Marshall Rommell, The Desert Fox
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Events leading American involvement in WWII

• December 1941- The U.S. placed an embargo on all
  war materials sold to Japan. (Oil, steel, iron,
  etc) because of their refusal to stop her
  aggression against China. Japan knows she cannot
  exist without these material so she decide on
  radical action. Two of Japans top diplomats are
  dispatched to Washington D.C., in early December
  1941, to try to negotiate a compromise .In the
  meantime the Japanese Fleet sets sail.

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December 7, 1941
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December 7, 1941

• A Day that will live in Infamy
• U.S. Naval and Military installations in Hawaiian
  Islands are surprise attacked by the Japanese
  without a declaration of war.
• All eight U.S. battleships were sunk or badly
  damaged.
• The U.S. world War II battle cry becomes
  remember pearl harbor

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December 8, 1941

• The U.S. congress Declares war on Japan

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December 11, 1941

• Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.

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World War II

• America enters the war

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Two Front War

• European Theater
• Attempt to defeat Germany and Italy in Europe

• Pacific Theater
• Attempt to stop Japanese aggression in the
  Pacific Region

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Philippines

• Within hours of attacking Pearl Harbor, Japan
  attacks the Philippines. U.S. forces are forced
  to surrender to Japanese. American General
  Douglas McArthur vows, I shall return!

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Bataan Death March of surrendered U.S. Troops
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Battle of Midway

• Japan attacks Midway Island (American Naval
  station) in an attempt to wipe out the entire
  U.S. fleet.
• The critical Battle of Midway on June 4, 1942
  turned the tide in the Americans' favor and they
  now controlled the Pacific.

U.S.S. Yorktown, during the Battle of Midway
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Pacific Theater

• The allied powers leapfrogged from island to
  island until they controlled the island of
  Saipan, the last island that protected the
  Japanese mainland.

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Raid on Tokyo

• Jimmy Doolittle led the audacious April 1942
  bombing raid on Japan from the decks of an
  aircraft carrier. Although little damage
  resulted, his action raised American morale

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European Theater

• Allies prepared to invade Italy and Benito
  Mussolini. On July 9, 1943, American and British
  parachute and amphibious landings in Sicily
  marked the beginning of the invasion.

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European Theater - Italy
U.S. -General George Patton
Britain-General Montgomery
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European Theater

• Allies led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower make a
  secretive massive assault on France near
  Normandy.
• The secret operation is code nicknamed Operation
  Overlord, which became known through history as
  D-Day

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D-Day
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D-Day

• June 6, 1944
• More than 150,000 Allied soldiers stormed the
  beaches of Normandy in an early phase of the
  largest amphibious military operation in history
• Although the Allied troops suffered heavy losses,
  including a casualty rate of 90 in several
  companies attacking Omaha Beach, they broke
  through German defenses after heavy fighting.

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NORMANDY, FRANCE
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European Theater

• The Battle of the Bulge
• Germans mounted one final, desperate offensive
  through the Ardennes Forest, in Belgium, against
  the relatively weak center of the American lines

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European Theater

• The Battle of the Bulge
• U.S. Division Commander of the surrounded 101st
  Airborne were asked to surrender to the Germans.
  He sent back his reply, Nuts

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European Theater

• The Battle of the Bulge
• After 10 days of fighting, the Allies had crushed
  the German offensive. The Battle of the Bulge was
  a major defeat for the German Army it opened the
  door for Allied invasion of Germany

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Death of a President

• President Roosevelt dies April 1945, his Vice
  President Harry Truman succeeds him as President.

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European Theater

• By early 1945, the combined effect of Allied
  bombing, invading Americans and British troops
  from the West, and vengeful Soviets in the East
  had reduced much of Germany to rubble.
• The Soviets carried out the attack on Berlin,
  capturing it by the end of April. Hitler
  committed suicide in his bunker beneath Berlin on
  April 30 as the Soviets closed in. On May 8,
  remaining German forces finally surrendered
  unconditionally to the Allies.

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European Theater

• VE Day- Victory in Europe
• May 8 1945 the war was officially over in Europe.

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Pacific Theater

• Japan still remained undefeated. The prospect of
  invading the island nation was daunting,
  especially in the face of projected bitter
  resistance from the Japanese people.

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Pacific Theater

• Roosevelt had gathered hundreds of scientists to
  develop a weapon of destruction, the A-Bomb. This
  secret group was code named the Manhattan
  Project

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Pacific Theater

• August 6, 1945 the U.S. dropped the first Atomic
  Bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.
• August 8, 1945 the U.S. dropped the second Atomic
  bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.

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Pacific Theater

• On September 2, 1945, Japan surrendered aboard
  the U.S.S. Missouri.

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The War is Over!

• VJ Day
• September 2, 1945
• Marked the end of the war

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Although more than 400,000 American soldiers were
killed (nearly 300,000 in combat), these losses
paled in comparison with those of other nations,
particularly the Soviet Union, Japan, and
Germany. American civilians also suffered
comparatively little