POETRY: an imaginative expression of ideas and emotions

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POETRYan imaginative expression of ideas and
emotions
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Poetry

• A type of literature in which words are carefully
  chosen and arranged to create certain effects.

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• Poetry usually . . .
• is arranged in lines.
• uses compressed language to make a point.
• has a regular pattern of rhythm.
• uses literary devices to appeal to our emotions
  and imagination.
• Poetry sometimes . . .
• has a regular rhyme scheme

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Poetry Terms

• Stanza the group of two or more lines in a
  poem a poem paragraph
• Meter the pattern of stressed and unstressed
  syllables in a poem
• Refrain one or more lines repeated in each
  stanza of a poem
• Quatrain a four line stanza or group of lines
  in poetry
• Line the core unit of a poem. In poetry, line
  length is an essential element of the poems
  meaning and rhythm.

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• Mood the feeling or atmosphere that a writer
  creates for the reader. Descriptive words,
  imagery, and figurative language contribute to
  the mood of a work, as do the sound and rhythm of
  the language used.
• Tone the attitude a writer takes toward a
  subject. Unlike mood, which is intended to shape
  the readers emotional response, tone reflects
  the feelings of the writer.

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Lyric poetry

• Short poem in which a single speaker expresses
  personal thoughts and feelings. Most poems other
  than dramatic and narrative poems are lyric poems.

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Narrative poetry

• Tells a story or recounts events. A narrative
  poem has the following elements plot,
  characters, setting, and them.
• The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is a narrative
  poem.

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Rhyme Scheme - the pattern of end rhymes in a
poem End Rhyme - words at end of lines
rhyme Across the years he could recall a His
father one way best of all. a In the stillest
hour of night b The boy awakened to a
light. b Half in dreams, he saw his
sire c With his great hands full of
fire c from The Secret Heart by R.Coffin
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Internal Rhyme rhyme within lines Once upon a
midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and
weary . . . While I nodded, nearly napping,
suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one
gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. It
is some visitor, I muttered, tapping at my
chamber door- from The Raven by
Edgar Allan Poe
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Sound devices are poetic devices that relate to
sound, includingconsonanceassonancealliterati
ononomatopoeia
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Consonancerepetition of consonant sounds within
a line of poetry

• He gives his harness bells a shake
• To ask if there is some mistake.
• The only other sounds the sweep
• Of easy wind and downy flake.

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Assonance repetition of vowel sounds within
nonrhyming words in a line of poetry

• Do not go gentle into that good night,
• Old age should burn and rave at close of day
• Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

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Alliteration repetition of beginning
consonant sounds in words close together Once
upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak
and weary . . . While I nodded, nearly napping,
suddenly there came a tapping . . . from
The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
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Onomatopoeia the use of a word whose sound
imitates its meaning.
buzz
hiss
splash
roar
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Refrain the repeating of words or phrases
throughout a poem Allusion a reference to a
well-known person, place, thing or event with
which the writer assumes the reader will be
familiar George rushed in like Superman to save
the man from the burning building.
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Figurative Language

• A figure of speech is a word or phrase that
  describes one thing in terms of another and is
  not meant to be understood as literally true.
• Simile Hyperbole
• Metaphor Symbol
• Personification Imagery Oxymoron Irony

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• Simile - a comparison between two unlike things
  using like or as.
• The cookie was hard as a rock.

Metaphor a comparison between two unlike
things without using like or as. Life is
a river.
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• Personification a figure of speech in which a
  nonhuman thing (an idea, object, or animal) is
  given human characteristics.
• The picture spoke to us of the sacrifices
• our family had made.
• Oxymoron a technique putting two words with
  opposite meanings together for a special effect.
• jumbo shrimp old news
• bittersweet small fortune

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• Imagery vivid description that appeals to the
  senses.
• They were flat round wafers, slightly browned on
  the edges and butter-yellow in the center. With
  cold lemonade they were sufficient for
  childhoods lifelong diet.

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• Symbol a concrete or real object used to
  represent an idea
• A bird, because it can fly, has often been used
  as a symbol of freedom.

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Hyperbole an extreme exaggeration or
overstatement that a writer uses for emphasis.
My brother exploded when he saw the damage to
his car. Irony a technique that uses a word or
phrase to mean the exact opposite of its normal
meaning. Danielle laughs all the time, so we call
her Grumpy.
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Form

• Form refers to a poems structure, or the way the
  lines and words are arranged on the page. Form
  in poetry includes the following elements
  length of lines, placement of lines, the grouping
  of lines into stanzas.Poems come in a variety of
  forms, but they are usually grouped in two
  categories.

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Traditional

• Follows fixed rules, such as a specified number
  of lines
• Has a regular pattern of rhythm and/or rhyme
• Ex epic, ode, ballad, sonnet, haiku, limerick

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Epic

• A long, narrative poem on a serious subject
  presented in an elevated or formal style. Epics
  address universal concerns and reflect the ideals
  and values of a nation or race.

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Ode

• A complex lyric poem that develops a serious and
  dignified theme. They are meditative and usually
  commemorative.

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Ballad

• A narrative poem that tells a story and was
  originally written to be sung or recited. A
  ballad has a setting, a plot, and characters.

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Sonnet

• A lyric poem of 14 lines that has a set pattern
  of rhythm and rhyme and is commonly written in
  iambic pentameter.

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Haiku

• A form of Japanese poetry having a set number of
  lines and syllables. Haiku poems are 17
  syllables that are arranged in three lines of 5,
  7, and 5 syllables. The poet strives to create a
  clear picture that will evoke a strong emotional
  response in the reader.

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Limerick

• A light of humorous poem with a particular rhyme
  scheme

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Blank verse

• Unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter.
  Each line has five pairs of syllables. In most
  pairs, an unstressed syllable is followed by a
  stressed syllable. Much of Shakespeares drama
  is in blank verse.

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Couplet

• A rhymed pair of lines. A couplet may be written
  in any rhythmic pattern.

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Organic

• Does not follow established rules for form
• Does not have a regular pattern of rhythm and may
  not rhyme at all
• May use unconventional spelling, punctuation, and
  grammar
• Ex free verse, concrete poetry

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Free verse

• Poetry that does not have regular meter, does not
  contain regular patterns of rhythm or rhyme.
  They are more like everyday speech.

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Concrete poetry

• Poetry that conveys meaning visually through the
  arrangement of letters and words