______ are what the writer brainstorms and are the heart of the message.

1
______ are what the writer brainstorms and are
the heart of the message.
Essential Knowledge Survey

• ideas

2
Details that are clear and specific that paint a
picture in your mind are___ ___.

• showing details

3
Your______ is who or what you are as you write.

• role

4
An _____ is to whom you are writing.

• audience

5
The_____ is the organization, plan, style or
arrangement of a writing piece.

• format

6
What the prompt is asking you to write about is
the ________.

• topic

7
The word that helps you express the purpose of
the of your paper, such as inform, persuade or
express, is the _____ _____.

• strong verb

8
The ________ is the reason why the piece is
written.

• purpose

9
An _____ paper gives information about a topic.

• informative

10
A ______ paper tries to convince the reader that
the writers point of view is the correct one .

• persuasive

11
An ______ paper shows the readers personality,
creativity and emotions.

• expressive

12
Details that are factual/true are___ ___.

• accurate details

13
The ________ of a piece is the internal structure
of the piece.

• organization

14
The rate at which the writer introduces new ideas
to the reader is the _____ of the writing.

• pacing

15
_______ is the order in which your main ideas or
events are placed.

• sequencing

16
Words that are used to connect main ideas are
called______.

• transitions

17
The paragraph that grabs the readers attention
and provides the thesis statement is the ______.

• introduction

18
The last part of a writing piece that sums up the
main points and restates the thesis is the ______.

• conclusion

19
The attention grabbing first few sentences of an
introduction is called the_____.

• lead

20
The _____ of a piece is the personal tone and
flavor of the authors message.

• voice

21
When writing urges or calls you forth to do
something, it is _______.

• compelling

22
If something is ______ it is attracts and holds
your attention.

• engaging

23
Someone who is eager and/or serious is ________.

• earnest

24
If the language in a sentence has a steady rhythm
and flow, it has______ ______.

• sentence fluency

25
The vocabulary a writer chooses to convey meaning
is _____ _____.

• word choice

26
When a word is ______ it is highly accurate in
meaning.

• precise

27
To _______ is to make something more clear and
understandable.

• clarify

28
_______ are the mechanical correctness of a
paper.

• conventions

29
When using numbers in writing, numbers ___ to ___
would be in word form.

• 1-100

30
Conversation is referred to as _______.

• dialogue

31
________always requires punctuation (comma,
explanation point, question mark, or period) at
the end, within the quotation.

• dialogue

32
______ are two or more words that sound alike but
have different spellings and different meanings.

• homophones

33
A ______ is a shortened form of two words.

• contraction

34
An____ is a punctuation mark used to form the
possessive case of nouns and some pronouns.

• apostrophe

35
To form a contraction, use an ______ to show
where letters or numerals have been omitted.

• apostrophe

36
A _____ is generally used to separate words or
groups of words so that the meaning of the
sentence is clear.

• comma

37
Place a ____ between items and names in a series
(except when referring to color or age.)

• comma

38
Use a ____ to separate two or more adjectives
preceding a noun.

• comma

39
Use a _____ before a coordinating conjunction
(and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet).

• comma

40
Use a ____ to set off a mild exclamation such as
well or oh at the beginning of a sentence.

• comma

41
Use a ____ after an introductory phrase or clause.

• comma

42
Use a ____ after the salutation of a personal
letter and after the closing of any letter.

• comma

43
Use a ____ to set off the words of a direct
address.

• comma

44
Use a ___________ between a list of items,
especially after expressions like as follows or
the following.

• comma

45
Use ______ for the first letter in a sentence,
proper noun, and for the word I.

• capitalization

46
______ is the use of standard marks and signs in
writing to separate words into sentences,
clauses, and phrases in order to clarify meaning.

• punctuation

47
A ____ is a word or word group that is used to
name a person, place, thing or an idea.

• noun

48
A ____ ____ is made up of two or more words used
together as a single noun.

• compound noun

49
A ____ _____ names any one of a group of persons,
places, things, or ideas.

• common noun

50
A ____ ____ names a particular/specific person,
place, thing or idea.

• proper noun

51
A ____ is a word used in place of one or more
nouns or pronouns.

• pronoun

52
An ____ modifies a noun or pronoun by telling
what kind, which one, how much, or how many.

• adjective

53
The most frequent used adjectives are a, an and
the. These are called _____.

• articles

54
A ____ is a word used to express action or a
state of being.

• verb

55
A _________ __________ helps the main verb
express action or a state of being.

• helping verb

56
An ____ ____ is a verb that expresses either
physical or mental activity.

• action verb

57
A ____ ____ connects the subject to a word or
word group that identifies or describes the
subject.

• linking verb

58
A _____ is a word that shows the relationship of
a noun or pronoun to another word.

• preposition

59
A ______ is a word used to join words or word
groups.

• conjunction

60
When a word refers to one person, place, thing or
idea, it is singular in _____. When a word refers
to multiple people, places or things, it is
plural in _____.

• number

61
A ___-___ ______ is two or more complete
sentences run together as one.

• run-on sentence

62
A ______ ______ is a group of words that is
punctuated as if it was a complete sentence, but
does not contain both a subject and a verb or
does not express a complete thought.

• sentence fragment

63
A ______ ______ contains one independent clause
and no subordinate clauses.

• simple sentence

64
A ______ ______ contains two or more independent
clauses and no subordinate clause.

• compound sentence

65
A ______ ______ contains one independent clause
and at least one subordinate clause.

• complex sentence

66
A ________ __________ is the nonstandard use of
two negative words to express a single
negative idea.

• double negative

67
___________ is what you know, your background
knowledge, and the experiences that you bring to
your reading.

• schema

68
___________ are when you are able to relate what
you read to personal experience, other stories,
and world events.

• connections

69
A _____ - __ - ______ connection is when you
relate what you are reading to your own
experiences.

• text-to-self

70
A ____ - __ - ____ connection is when you relate
what you are reading to something else you have
read.

• text-to-text

71
A _____ - __ - _____ connection is when you
relate what you are reading to events, issues,
and people.

• text-to-world

72
________ is when you create pictures in your mind
while you read.

• visualizing

73
When a reader combines what they know (schema)
with what they picture in their mind
(visualizing) to make an educated guess about
events in a book it is called _______.

• inferring

74
_______ is when a reader makes and educated guess
about what will happen next in a story.

• predicting

75
_______ helps readers understand the text on a
deeper level by eliminating confusion and
stimulating interest in the topic.

• questioning

76
The _______ is the series of events that make up
a story.

• plot

77
The main idea in a work of literature is the
_________.

• theme

78
_______ is the use of clues or hints to suggest
events that will occur later in the story.

• foreshadowing

79
_______ __ ______ demonstrates different ways
of looking at things.

• point of view

80
The reason why the author wrote a piece of
literature is the _______ ________.

• authors purpose

81
_______ _______ is the topic main point of the
story.

• main idea

82
A division of a poem consisting of two or more
lines arranged together as a unit is a _________.

• stanza

83
_________ is a struggle between opposing
characters or forces.

• conflict

84
________ _______ is the battle between a
character and itself.

• internal conflict

85
________ _______ is the battle between a
character and an outside force (such as man,
nature, machine, and society.)

• external conflict

86
The way a writer reveals his character is
_________.

• characterization

87
An ___________ is a character or force that
opposes the protagonist.

• antagonist

88
The ___________ is a character that is the hero
heroine.

• protagonist

89
________ ________ is writing or language that is
not meant to be interpreted literally.

• figurative language

90
A comparison of two unlike things using the words
like, as, or than is a ___________.

• simile

91
A figure of speech in which non-human objects are
given human characteristics is _________.

• personification

92
The repetition of the same consonant sounds or
the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of
words or in stressed syllables is _________.

• alliteration

93
A ___________ is a comparison between unlike
things without using a specific word of
comparison such as like, as or than.

• metaphor

94
A brief story told in order to make a point is an
________.

• anecdote

95
A ___________ is the action that results in an
effect, result, or consequence.

• cause

96
An _______ is brought on by a cause, or is the
end result of an action.

• effect

97
The _________ is the most suspenseful moment or
turning-point in a story.

• climax

98
______ _____ are hints in a text that help you
figure out a words meaning.

• context clues

99
Writing that is made up rather than true is
_________.

• fiction

100
________ is writing or language that appeals to
the senses and evokes images.

• imagery

101
_________ is writing that deals with real people,
things, events, and places.

• nonfiction

102
_________is a kind of rhythmic, compressed
writing that uses figures of speech and imagery
designed to appeal to emotions and imagination.

• poetry

103
A _________ is a repetition of accented vowel
sounds and all sounds following them in words
that are close together in writing or poetry.

• rhyme

104
The ___________ is the time and place of a story,
play or poem.

• setting

105
The uncertainty or anxiety that reader feels
about what will happen next in the story, novel,
or drama is __________.

• suspense

106
Using ______ means you are proving your ideas
with additional information and details.

• support

107
To ___________ is to assert or express the
opposite of.

• contradict

108
To ___________ is to look at or state
similarities and/or differences.

• compare

109
To_____ is to compare differences.

• contrast

110
To _______ is to state the meaning of a word.

• define

111
A _______ is an advantage.

• benefit

112
A ___________ is an undesirable feature
disadvantage.

• drawback

113
To ________ is to give a detailed account in
writing.

• describe

114
To ______ means to make clear or understandable.

• explain

115
When you ___________ you judge or determine the
significance, worth, or quality of.

• evaluate

116
When you cover the main points, concisely
briefly you________.

• summarize