World War I

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World War I
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Allied vs. Central Powers

• Allied Powers
• France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and United
  States (later)
• Central Powers
• Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire

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Outbreak of War

• All countries were happy to fight
• Each of the Allied and Central Powers had armies
  with millions of soldiers.
• Everyone thought the war would be over in 3 months

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German Kaiser announcing war mobilization order

• What seems to be the mood of the German people in
  this picture?

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Announcement of war in Great Britain outside of
Buckingham Palace

• What seems to be the mood of the British people
  in this picture?

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Civilians marching with German soldiers to the
front
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French civilians bidding farewell
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German soldiers to the Western Front

• On to Paris

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What is the mood of these French soldiers going
to war?
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Germany

• Germany had to fight a two-front war
• Schlieffen Plan
• Invade France through Belgium, capture Paris in 6
  weeks.
• Attack Russias big army after France

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Schlieffen Plan
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First Months of War

• Germans push French/British within 30 miles of
  Paris, then are stopped.
• Germans defeat Russian Army at Tannenberg, push
  them back.
• War in the Western Front stalls, and armies dig
  into trenches.

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Trench Warfare

• Both sides dig trenches from English Channel all
  the way to Switzerland.
• The line did not move for the rest of the war.
• Machine guns mowed down soldiers.
• Artillery softened trenches
• Poison Gas used to kill soldiers.

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Artillery
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Prosthetics
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The War 1914-1916

• Neither side won or lost much ground.
• Millions of soldiers were being killed on both
  sides.
• Armies were wearing thin on men, morale and
  materials.

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The Homefront

• Government management
• Suspended rights
• Women workers
• Rationing
• Propaganda

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The War 1917

• 1917 was a turning point year during WWI for two
  reasons
• The United States enters the war.
• Russia leaves the war.

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America Enters WWI

• At the beginning, America remained neutral during
  WWI
• It was Europes war
• There were three major reasons for America to get
  involved
• Natural alliance with England and France
• Unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany
• Zimmerman Telegram

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Cause 1 Natural Alliance with England and
France

• America shared common government democracy
• Were strong trade partners before the war.
• Shared a common language and culture with England

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Cause 2 Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

• Germany used U-boats to attack any ship going
  to England.
• May 7, 1915, Germany sinks Lusitania, killing 123
  Americans.
• President Wilson condemns attack, warns against
  future attacks.
• 1917, Germany resumes unrestricted sub warfare

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Lusitania
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US Losses From Sub Warfare 1916-1918
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Cause 3 Zimmerman Telegram

• British intercept German telegram to Mexico.
• Germany asks Mexico to invade U.S.
• Promise southwestern states in return.
• British pass the telegram to U.S.

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Zimmerman Telegram
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Impact of Americas Involvement

• Allies were on the brink of falling apart
• America comes in and strengthens tired British
  and French soldiers.
• Eventually, Allies start pushing Germans back
  toward Germany in 1918.

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Americans in France
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Americans in France