Gender, the Economy and Work

1
Chapter 5

• Gender, the Economy and Work

2
Please Note

• These slides are meant to help students think
  about the material. They are not meant to replace
  reading the material or taking notes. Using
  these slides as your only means of garnering
  information could harm your ability to understand
  the content of this class.

• Please turn off cell phones, MP3 players and
  other technology of which Im unaware.

3
Family Based Economies (Colonial Period
Industrial Revolution). Household is basic
unit of economy

• 1) Native American Societies
• STRUCTURE rules and laws that govern
  relationships
• Government informal many were made up of both
  men and women. Shared power. Made policies about
  mobility, warfare, food.
• Economy Informal. Gender DOL. Women maintained
  90 of subsistence and controlled production.
  Berdasche, third Genders.
• Families Communal families. Longhouses had
  families living and caring for each other.

4
Family Based Economies (Colonial Period
Industrial Revolution). Household is basic
unit of economy

• 1) African American Societies
• STRUCTURE rules and laws that govern
  relationships.
• Government Were not allowed to have
  governments. Indeed, controlled by European
  Immigrants.
• Economy Slavery governed who would work and
  where and when. Gendered DOL was disrupted by
  Slavery and so slaves tried to preserve this as
  an act of resistance.
• Families Torn apart by Slavery Communal in
  structure.

5
Family Based Economies (Colonial Period
Industrial Revolution). Household is basic
unit of economy

• 1) European Immigrants
• STRUCTURE rules and laws that govern
  relationships.
• Government Slavery and Manifest Destiny. Only
  white propertied men allowed citizenship.
• Economy Farming. Gendered DOL all labor seen
  as productive but very clear gendered lines.
• Families Nuclear Gendered Dichotomy

6
Family Based Economies (Colonial Period
Industrial Revolution). Household is basic
unit of economy

• Ideology Ideas, beliefs and values that help
  organize a society.
• Even though each group had its own ideology, the
  one that controlled the entire country was the
  ideology of European Immigrants because they had
  the force.
• Ideologies helped justify slavery, male rule and
  annihilation of Native Americans
• PATRIARCHY MEN MORE MORAL RACISM MANIFEST
  DESTINY

7
Family Wage Economies (Industrialization
-1970s)Families depend on wages outside household

• STRUCTURE
• Government
• Legal Segregation and Discrimination (protective
  legislation and unequal wages and mobility)
  Government sanctioned riots against African
  Americans. Laws favoring businesses rather than
  workers.
• Also, all people allowed citizenry and the right
  to vote.

8
Family Wage EconomiesCont..

• Economy
• White men are given higher wages, more mobility.
  Workplace organized around the public/private
  split. Race is used to create Divide and
  Conquer. Women of color prevented from working
  in formal sector.
• Families All families are forced into nuclear
  structure AA families are separated. Everyone
  affected by segregation.

9
Family Wage EconomiesCont

• IDEOLOGIES
• Patriarchy (devaluing work in home and cult of
  true womanhood for white MC woman) Essentialism
  links everything to biology White Women are now
  moral overseers Racism prevents Women of Color
  from being True Women and from All People of
  Color from being seen as equal.

10
Family Consumer Economies (1970s-present)The
well-being of our economy is structured around
consuming. Everyone must work for pay.

• STRUCTURE
• Government
• 1964 Civil Rights Act (Title VII)
• 1963 Equal Pay Act
• Title IX
• Favors business over workers. Favors paid work
  over non-paid work.

11
Family Consumer Economies, CONT.

• STRUCTURE
• Economy Male as Norm P/P split, Racism
  Imperialism.
• Family Segregation and Everyone must work for
  Pay.
• IDEOLOGY Patriarchy, Devaluation of Women and
  Emotional Labor, Individualism, Imperialism
  Leisure and Image important!

12
Issues for Women at Paid Work

• 1) Ideologies and Family Structure lead to
• Unequal household division of labor (second
  shift)
• Devaluation of Labor done by women in the home
  and outside the home (household work seen as
  unnecessary).
• What work is done in the home? Why dont we
  recognize it as work?
• 2) Ideologies, Family Structure and Work
  Structure lead to
• Pay Gap (74-- look at table) and Promotion Gap
  (glass ceiling and sticky floor)

13
Issues for Women at Paid Work

• More Detailed Theories for Hiring Gap, PAY GAP
  and PROMOTION GAP.
• Gender/Race Identity formation theories
• Job Sex Segregation
• Gender/race typing
• Human Capital Theory
• Networking Homosocial Reproduction, Tokenism
  and Informal Workplace Cultures
• Comparable Worth Discrimination
• Discrimination ---- ex. Sexual Harassment

14
Issue for Women at Paid Work

• SOLUTIONS
• 1) Comparable Worth
• 2) FMLA
• 3) Laws
• 4) Affirmative Action