SEMINAR ON BUBBLE POWER THE REVOLUTIONARY NEW ENERGY SOURCE

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SEMINAR
ON BUBBLE POWER THE REVOLUTIONARY
NEW ENERGY
SOURCE

• BY
• VISHNU.S
• 
  ROLL.NO.4428
• S7.ME
  
  
  
  
  

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INTRODUCTION

• Sonofusion Research team from various
  organizations have joined forces to create
  acoustic fusion technology energy consortium
  (AFTEC) to promote the development of sonofusion.
• It was derived from a related phenomenon,
  sonoluminescence.
• Sonofusion involves tiny bubbles imploded by
  sound waves can make hydrogen nuclei fuse-and may
  one day become a revolutionary new energy source.
  

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SONOLUMINESCENCE

• When a gas bubble in liquid is excited by
  ultrasonic acoustic waves, it can emit short
  flashes of light suggestive of extreme
  temperatures inside the bubble.
• These flashes of light, known as
  sonoluminescence, occur as the bubble implodes,
  or cavitates.
• Chemical reactions occurs .

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THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION

• Technically known as acoustic inertial
  confinement fusion.
• In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a
  liquid-filled flask send pressure waves through
  the fluid, exciting the motion of tiny gas
  bubbles.
• High temperatures and pressure speculated at the
  bubble core .
• This leading to conditions suitable for
  thermonuclear fusion.

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EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
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BASIC REQUIREMENTS

• Pyrex flask
• Vacuum pump
• Piezoelectric crystal
• Wave generator
• Amplifier
• Neutron generator
• Neutron and gamma ray detector
• Photomultiplier
• Microphone speaker

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HOW SONOFUSION WORKS

• Action of vacuum pump.
• Fill the flask with deuterated acetone.
• For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz
  applied to the ring.
• Fire a pulsed neutron generator.

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EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
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ACTION IN THE FLASK Stage (1)

• Neutrons flying through the flask create a
  bubble cluster in the deuterated acetone liquid.
  

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Stage (2)

• The negative pressure in the liquid makes the
  bubbles swell 100000 times in size (from nano to
  millimeter-scale).

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Stage (3)

• The liquid pressure turns positive and compresses
  the bubble, causing them to implode with great
  violence.

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Stage(4)

• The implosion creates an instantaneous pressure
  of 10 trillion kilopascals and temperature of
  more than 100 million degree C, making the
  deuterium fuse.

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EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
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FUSION REACTION

• Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable
  outputs, helium and a 2.45-MeV neutron or tritium
  and a proton.
• The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in
  a reactor to create water vapor drive an
  electricity generator.

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EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT TABLETOP NUCLEAR FUSION DEVICE

• We gather two kinds of evidence that the
  deuterium is fusing.
• The first is by measuring levels of another
  hydrogen isotope tritium
• The second is neutron emissions detected by the
  neutron detector.

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SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
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OTHER APPROACHES

• Mainly two types
• Laser beam technique.
• Magnetic confinement fusion

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ADVANTAGES

• It is self sustaining.
• Easily control.
• Produce more energy than it consumes.
• Low cost.
• Easily available raw materials.
• Environmental friendly.

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APPLICATIONS

• The technology might one day, in theory, lead to
  a new source of energy. It may result in a new
  class of low cost energy.
• Compact detectors for security applications.
• To analyze molecular structure of materials.
• Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic
  materials efficiently produce tritium, which is
  used for medical imaging to watch dials.

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FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

• Fully self-sustained.

neutrons
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Contd

• To create a full-size electricity producing
  nuclear generator.

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CONCLUSION

• For more than half a century, thermonuclear
  fusion has held out the promise of cheap, clean
  and virtually limitless energy.

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REFERENCE

• IEEE spectrum ,MAY 2005.
• www.purdue.edu
• www.iter.org
• www.washington.edu

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THANK YOU