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The American Revolution

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Title: The American Revolution Author: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Last modified by: nance Created Date: 10/4/2004 1:45:56 AM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The American Revolution


1
The American Revolution 1775-1783
2
On the Eve of the Revolution
Britain Americans
Advantages ? ?
Disadvantages ? ?
3
Loyalist Strongholds
4
Washingtons Headaches
  • Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war
    for independence the other third were Loyalists,
    and the final third were neutral.
  • State/colony loyalties.
  • Congress couldnt tax to raise money for the
    Continental Army.
  • Poor training (until the arrival of Baron von
    Steuben).

5
Exports Imports 1768-1783
6
Military Strategies
The Americans
The British
  • Time/Attrition the Brits had a long supply line.
  • Space Avoid pitched battles v. superior forces
  • Gain official recognition from one of Britains
    enemies.
  • Break the colonies in half by getting between the
    No. the So.
  • Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods
    and supplies from an ally.
  • Divide and Conquer enlist the Loyalists.

7
Phase I The Northern Campaign1775-1776
8
Bunker Hill (June, 1775)
The British suffered over 40 casualties.
9
Phase II NY PA1777-1778
10
New York City in Flames(1776)
11
Washington Crossing the Delaware
Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851
12
Saratoga Turning Point of the War?
A modern-day re-enactment
13
Phase III The Southern Strategy 1780-1781
14
Britains Southern Strategy
  • Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in
    the South.
  • Southern resources were more valuable/worth
    preserving.
  • The British win a number of small victories, but
    cannot pacify the countryside similar to U. S.
    failures in Vietnam!
  • Good US GeneralNathanial Greene

15
The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Count de Rochambeau
AdmiralDe Grasse
16
Cornwallis Surrender at Yorktown
The World Turned Upside Down!
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797
17
Why did the British Lose???
18
The Decisive Factors
  • The Alliance with France
  • Washingtons Ability to Learn
  • Space
  • The Mediocrity of the British Commanders

19
North America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783
20
Why was Great Britain so Generous?
  • They feared the growing American relations with
    France
  • They wanted to be sure that America was big
    enough to maintain independence
  • They still wanted to keep America as a viable
    market for trade

21
Articles of Confederation Government 1781-1789
22
Essential Question
  • To what extent were the Articles of Confederation
    effective in solving the problems that confronted
    the new nation?

23
Social Results of the Revolution
  • Anti-Slavery Movements
  • Criminal Code Reforms
  • Separation of Church and State
  • Education
  • Land Reform

24
Political Results of the Revolution
  • Creation of State governments/written
    constitutions
  • New constitutions placed more power in the
    legislative branch and less in the executive
    branch
  • Political base broadened (more voters)
  • Bicameral legislatures
  • No Political Parties

25
Occupational Composition of Several State
Assembliesin the 1780s
26
Weaknesses of theArticles of Confederation
  • A unicameral Congress 9 of 13 votes to pass a
    law
  • Unanimous vote to amend.
  • Representatives were frequently absent
  • Could not tax
  • No executive or judicial branches

27
Indian Land Cessions1768-1799
28
Disputed Territorial ClaimsBetween Spain the
U. S.1783-1796
29
State Claims to Western Lands
30
Land Ordinance of 1785
31
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
  • One of the major accomplishments of the
    Confederation Congress!
  • Statehood achieved in three stages
  • Congress appointed 3 judges a governor to
    govern the territory.
  • When population reached 5,000 adult male
    landowners ? elect territorial legislature.
  • When population reached 60,000 ? elect delegates
    to a state constitutional convention.

32
The United States in 1787
33
WholesalePriceIndex1770-1789
34
American Exports, To From Britain 1783-1789
35
Annapolis Convention (1786)
  • 12 representatives from 5 statesNY, NJ, PA, DE,
    VA
  • GOAL ? address barriers that limited trade and
    commerce between the states.
  • Not enough states were represented to make any
    real progress.
  • Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting
    of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to
    examine areas broader than just trade and
    commerce.

36
Shays Rebellion 1786-7
  • Daniel Shays
  • Western MA
  • Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes.

37
Shays Rebellion 1786-7
38
Shays Rebellion 1786-7
There could be no stronger evidence of the want
of energy in our governments than these disorders.
-- George Washington
39
Importance of the Articles
  • Landmark in Government
  • Steppingstone toward the Constitution
  • Fought and won a war and concluded a favorable
    peace
  • Weathered a depression and a rebellion
  • Established long-standing policy on western lands

40
The Constitutional Convention
  • Origins
  • Concern over Shays Rebellion
  • Economic difficulties
  • Lack of respect diplomatically
  • Inability to amend the Articles

41
The Constitutional Convention
  • Areas of Agreement
  • Sense of Urgency
  • National government must be strengthened
  • Tax
  • Regulate trade foreign and interstate
  • Act w/o consent of states
  • Act through own agencies and departments
  • Safeguards against abuse of power

42
The Constitutional Convention
  • Major Compromises
  • Great Compromise
  • Three-fifths Compromise
  • Commerce Compromise

43
Federalist vs. Anti-FederalistStrongholds at the
End of the War
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