Identification of Pro-Poor Policies in National Plans/PRSPs

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Identification of Pro-Poor Policies in National
Plans/PRSPs The Role of Diagnostics and
Participation

• Widjajanti I. Suharyo
• The SMERU Research Institute, Indonesia
• www.smeru.or.id
• Presentation at the National Plans as Poverty
  Reduction Strategies in East Asia
• Vientiane, Lao PRD - April 4-6, 2006

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Outline

• Participatory process in PRSP formulation in
  Indonesia
• Poverty diagnostic
• Lessons learned and future challenges

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Indonesian PRSP (SNPK) Formulation - Chronology
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KPK and TKP3KPK

• KPK Consisted of Govt. Ministries, Chaired by
  Coordinating Minister for Social Welfare and
  Coordinating Minister for Economy
• TKP3KPK Special task force formed by KPK for
  PRSP formulation

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TKP3KPK Structure
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PRSP Draft 0 ? Draft 1

• Main critics to Draft 0
• Too broad (general) and lack of poverty focus
  using very limited poverty data
• Inconsistency definition - indicators
• Do not sufficiently accommodate various inputs,
  including inputs from task forces
• Do not incorporate PPA results sufficiently
• Lack of comprehensive strategy to reduce poverty,
  only listing of programs/project that do not
  match with poverty diagnostic

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Preparation of Draft 1 - Challenges

1. How to incorporate/take into account the various
   inputs
2. How to use PPA results beyond using them as
   quotes or anecdotal evidences
3. How to combine PPA and quantitative data
4. How to accommodate different perspective to
   poverty

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Preparation of Draft 1 The Process
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Incorporating PPA Results

• PPA Consolidation
• Common found in all or many communities ?
  national problems
• Local specific livelihood type, occupation
  type, ethnic group, gender, etc.
• Poverty trap poverty dynamic impoverishment

• Inputs to PRSP
• Poverty Problems (characteristics, causes
  impacts of poverty)
• Multidimensionality of poverty
• Effectiveness of policy/programs

Scaling up process
PPA Characteristics (-) Local specific case,
anecdotal, can not be scaled up () explaining
why and how poverty dynamic
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Combining Qualitative Quantitative

• Poverty Analysis

• Quantitative
• Macro
• Absolute
• Objective
• Material/
• Physiologist

• Qualitative
• Participatory
• Micro
• Relative
• Subjective
• Structural/
• Sociologist
• Why How

• Verification
• Deepening
• Generalization

Data availability? Poverty Sensitive Gender
Sensitive
Problem Statement
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Accommodating Different Perspectives The Debate
Government Concept multidimensional heavily
relied on Income/ consumption based ()
Consistent with available indicators (-) Static -
failed to address capability and structural
issues - impoverishment
NGOs Concept Structural Poverty () Focus on
poverty dynamic, address poverty trap and
exploitative relation (-) data and indicator ??
Problem Inequality in access and capabilities,
across economic class, gender, occupation type,
ethnic, etc. Concept Capability equality in
access and opportunities Strategy/approach right
based approach Data/Indicators some are
available, some not yet available
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10 basic rights

• Right based approach to respect, to protect, and
  to fulfill
• Food Security
• Health
• Education
• Job and business opportunities
• Housing
• Clean water and sanitation
• Land
• Natural resources and healthy environment
• Human security
• Participation

• Inputs
• Indonesia Constitution (UUD 1945)
• PPA
• International Conventions
• Reference UN A Human Right Approach to PRS

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Lessons learned and future challenges

• Participatory process
• Cumbersome need persistence, patience,
  systematic process, openness
• Time consuming allow enough time
• Quality of participation strategy to include
  all/most stakeholders, including the poor and the
  various government bodies
• Lack of common understanding on Right Based
  Approach
• The myth very costly the government could not
  effort
• No reference to the role of good governance
  which is the central of the approach (to respect
  and to protect)
• Sharing of responsibilities between various
  stakeholders

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Thank You