Title: Five World Religions
1Five World Religions
2(No Transcript)
3Hinduism
2500 250 BC
- The religion of Hinduism developed and evolved
over a long time in India, giving rise to a
variety of beliefs and practices and to other
religions, including Buddhism. - One of the oldest religions of humanity, founded
in 1500 BCE or earlier. - It is the 3rd largest religion in the world.
- No particular founder
Brahman
4What do Hindus believe?
2500 250 BC
- 1. Brahman -the eternal being - created and
preserves the world. Everything in the world is
an aspect of Brahman. - 2. Atman - the soul each person has one that is
an aspect of Brahman. Cant ever be destroyed. - 3. Devas manifestations of Brahman that are
active in the world and who help to maintain
order. - 3 of the most commonBrahma, Vishnu, Siva
- 4. Reincarnation being reborn into this world
lifetime after lifetime (Samsara) - 5. Karma the sum effect of a persons actions,
good and bad, which helps shape future
experiences - 6. Moksha - goal of human existence, escape from
the cycle of reincarnation to join with the
Brahman. - 7. Dharma set of spiritual duties and
obligations that must be fulfilled to achieve
moksha.
5What are the Sacred Texts?
2500 250 BC
- Oldest, most authoritative
- 1. Four Vedas (truth) sacred hymns of praise
- Contain knowledge revealed by Brahman
- 2. Upanishads philosophical reflections on the
Vedas - Also revealed to, not written by, people
- the Great Indian Epics (composed by sages)
- Ramayana
- Mahabharata (includes Bhagavad-Gita)
- Both tell stories that reflect on what it means
to live according to Vedic teachings
6What are the religious practices of Hinduism?
2500 250 BC
- Vary greatly because worship can take place
anywhereusually a temple or in the home. - Spiritual leaders are called gurus or sages.
- Yoga-integrated physical and mental exercises.
They teach people to focus their minds and bodies
which will aid their meditation in order to
attain moksha - Pilgrimage to Ganges (thought it flows through 2
devas so its water is holy. Bathing in it will
purify them and remove bad karma. - Ultimate goal of life to release Atman and
reunite with the divine, becoming as one with
Brahman (Moksha)
7Who do Hindus worship? 3 Most Important Devas
2500 250 BC
Brahma, the creator
Vishnu, the Preserver
Siva, the Destroyer
8All these deities are but Aspects of
the impersonal Brahman
9Hinduism Map!
AUM! AUM! AUM!
Hinduism located in India and SE Asia Then and Now
102500 250 BC
Buddhism
- Buddhism, which teaches people that they can
escape the suffering of the world through the
Buddhist teachings, developed in Northeast India
in 520 BCE and spread to other parts of Asia - 4th largest religion in the world
112500 250 BC
Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE)
- Unlike Hinduism, Buddhism can be traced to one
single founder, Siddhartha Gautama - Prince of a small kingdom he lived a sheltered
life and sought the answer to ending suffering - After years of meditation and searching, he sat
under a Bodhi tree where he became Enlightened - He transformed into the Buddha-the Enlightened
One.
122500 250 BC
The Teachings of Buddhism
What is the fundamental cause of all suffering?
Desire!
- Therefore, extinguish the self, dont obsess
about oneself. Give up all materials and
possessions of the world.
132500 250 BC
Four Noble Truths
- There is suffering in the world. To live is to
suffer. - The cause of suffering is peoples desires for
pleasure and material goods. - The solution is to eliminate desire and
attachments. (Nirvana extinction) - To reach nirvana, one must follow the Eightfold
Path.
14Eightfold Path
2500 250 BC
Right Understanding
Right Speech
Right Intention
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Concentration
Right Mindfulness
152500 250 BC
Eightfold Path
Nirvana
- Nirvana is a state of perfect peace in which the
soul would be free from suffering forever. It
would escape from the cycle of rebirth. - If nirvana is not achieved, then the soul would
be reborn to live through the cycle of suffering
again. - Spiritual leaders are called monks or lamas.
- Worship takes place in a temple or meditation
hall.
16Sacred Texts
- Pali Canon
- Dhammapada
- Both record the words of the Buddha
17The Spread of Buddhism
Interactive Map http//www.eduplace.com/kids/socs
ci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g6_u7/
182500 250 BC
Types of Buddhism
- Therevada Buddhism
- Mahayana Buddhism
- Tibetan Buddhism
192500 250 BC
Theravada Buddhism
- The oldest school of Buddhism.
- Found in southern Asia.
- The monastic life is the best way to achieve
nirvana. - Focus on wisdom and meditation.
- Goal is to become a Buddha, or Enlightened
One. - Over 100,000,000 followers today.
202500 250 BC
Mahayana Buddhism
- Founded in northern Asia (China, Japan).
- Buddhism for the masses.
- One doesnt need to be a monk or nun to reach
nirvana anyone can do it with some help. - Seek guidance from Boddhisatvas, wise beings,
people who have found enlightenment but have
stayed on earth to help others find their way. - Goal Not just individual escape from the wheel,
but the salvation of all humanity through
self-sacrifice of those who are already
enlightened.d few.
212500 250 BC
Tibetan Buddhism
- Developed in Tibet in the 7c CE.
- A mix of Theravada and Mahayana.
- Boddhisatvas include Lamas, like the Dalai Lama.
22Buddhism Map!
Buddhism located in Southeast and East Asia
(China) Then and Now
23Judaism, Christianity, Islam
24Brief History
- Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded
Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism
is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths
(religions with one God). - Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was
crucified around A.D. 33 in Palestine in the city
of Jerusalem. It was after his death when his
followers came to believe in him as the Christ,
the Messiah. - Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad in A.D. 622.
254000550 BC
Abrahams Genealogy
All 3 Religions are linked by AbrahamHe is the
patriarch of all 3
ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Ishmael
Isaac
Esau
Jacob/Israel
12 Arabian Tribes
Mecca (Muslims)
- Muhammad (the last prophet)
- Quran and the Five Pillars of Islam
12 Tribes of Israel
- Other 10 tribes-(Israelites) (Hebrews)
- 2 Tribes - (Jews) of Judah
- Jesus Christ (son of God)
- The Hebrew Bible - Old Testament in the Christian
Bible
26Judaism Briefly
- Judaism is over 3000 years old and is the oldest
of the world's monotheistic religions (religions
with only one God). It's also the smallest, with
only about 14 million (7th) followers around the
world. - Its holy city is Jerusalem.
27Judaism Beliefs
- Jews believe that there is a single God (Yahweh)
who not only created the universe, but with whom
every Jew can have an individual and personal
relationship. - They await the Messiah, who will be an earthly
king. They believe in heaven, but that God
determines where they go after life on earth. - Ten Commandments is the basic code of law.
28Judaism Holy Book
- The most holy Jewish book is the Torah (the first
five books of the Christian Bible). Others
include Judaism's oral tradition, the written
form of which is known as the Talmud. - The Torah (scroll of teachings) contains the five
books revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai. - Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and
Deuteronomy
29Judaism Place of Worship
- Jews worship in Synagogues or temples. Men and
women usually sit separately. - Worship is led by a Rabbi.
- Saturday (begins at sundown on Friday) is time
for worship.
Stamford Hill, London
30The Temple
- According to the Bible, the First Temple for
Jewish worship was built around 900-1000 BCE and
destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BCE. - The Jews were then sent out of Canaan, but
returned after 50 years in exile. - A Diaspora occurs when a group of people leave
their homeland and move to many different
locations separately. - All of the worlds Jewish communities today that
do not live in present-day Israel are part of the
Jewish Diaspora.
31The Temple
- A new temple was finished 70 years later on the
site of the First Temple, but was badly
plundered by invading Romans about 54 BCE. - King Herod, a Jew, ruled Judea for the Romans.
Under him the second temple was rebuilt in 20
BCE. - When the Romans attacked Jerusalem again in 70
CE(AD), they destroyed Herods temple. - Today, the single remaining temple wall, the
Western Wall, is a place of prayer for Jewish
pilgrims. - Jews moved away from the land again, until the
modern state of Israel was formed in the late
1940s.
32Judaism Map!
Today, located in Israel and U.S.
In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East
33Christianity briefly
- Christianity is the world's largest religion,
with about 2.2 billion followers worldwide. It is
based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived
in the Holy Land 2,000 years ago. -
34Christianity Beliefs
- Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son
of God - God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from
the consequences of its sins - Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after
his Crucifixion (the Resurrection) - Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah
promised in the Old Testament - Christians believe that there is only one God,
but that this one God consists of 3 "persons-God
the Father, God the Son, God the Holy
Ghost--Trinity - Christians believe that God made the world.
35Christianity Beliefs
- Christians believe that they can have a personal
relationship with God, and that they are saved by
faith, and good works. - They believe in heaven and hell.
- They believe that the Bible is the inspired word
of God.
36Christians Holy Book
- The Bible is the Christian holy book. It is
divided into the Old and New Testaments. Parts of
the writing contained in the Old Testament are
also sacred to Jewish and Muslim people.
37Christian Place of Worship
- The Christian place of worship is called a
Church, which are built in the shape of a cross
with the altar facing east towards the rising
sun. Services are led by a priest, pastor or
reverend. - Day of worship is normally Sunday.
Westminster Abbey London
38Christian Sects
- Roman Catholicism vs. Eastern Orthodox-Christian
Church divided when the Roman Empire was divided
and then fell. Orthodox Christians do not
recognize the authority of the Pope. - Catholicism vs. Protestantism-as a result of the
Reformation, Protestant sects broke with the
Catholic Church and established their own
separate churches.
39Christianity Map!
In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East
Today, located in Americas and Europe
40Islam Briefly
- Islam is the second most popular religion in the
world with 1.3 billion followers. Islam began in
Arabia and was revealed to humanity by the
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Those who
follow Islam are called Muslims. Muslims believe
that there is only one God, called Allah, who
speaks Arabic.
41Islam Holy Book
- The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an. It is
'the word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices
are rooted in the Qur'an. - Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect
because they believe that the Qur'an is from
Allah, and every word and every letter is sacred. - Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word
of God.
42Islam Place of Worship
- The Muslim building for communal worship is
called a Mosque. The word comes from the Arabic
for "place of prostration". - Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day
from minarets towers on the mosque corners. - They contain only designs, no people or animals
or furniture. - Normal day of worship is Friday.
- Religious leaders are called imams.
Grand mosque in Mecca
43Five Pillars Belief system/law code
- Shahadah declaration of faith "I bear witness
that there is no god, but God I bear witness
that Muhammad is the prophet of God." By reciting
this, one enters Islamic faith. - Salah Pray 5 times a day facing MeccaMuslims
are required to pray five times a day, washing
themselves before prayer and facing in the
direction of Mecca while praying. - Zakat Give a fixed proportion to charity
Muslims are required to give away a percentage
of their earnings to those less fortunate,
regardless of their religion. - Saum Fast during the month of RamadanMuslims
fast for one lunar month each year, a period
called Ramadan. During this time, Muslims reflect
on their behavior and strive to purify their
thoughts. - Hajj Make a pilgrimage to MeccaIf it is
financially possible, Muslims are required to
travel to Mecca once in their lifetime.
44The Hajj
- HijjaThe month of pilgrimage during which all
Muslims, at least once in their life, should try
to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and worship at
the Kaaba
45Muslim Sects
- Sunni-the majority
- Shia-the minority
- The split rose from an early dispute over who
should be the leader of Islam after the death of
Muhammad. The Sunnis argued that the successor
should be appointed by election and consensus, as
tradition dictated. (Sunni comes from the Arabic
word Sunna , meaning tradition.) The Shia
believed that Muhammad's successors should come
from his family, starting with Ali, his
son-in-law. These, the partisans of Ali, were
named from the word Shia , meaning partisan in
Arabic.
46Islam Map!
In 1500, located in Middle East, Africa, and
Southern Europe
Today, located in Middle East, Africa, and Asia
47View of Fellow Abrahamic Religions
- Judaism Islam and Christianity are false
interpretations and extensions of Judaism. - Christianity Judaism is a true religion, but
with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false
religion. - Islam Jews and Christians are respected as
fellow believers, but with wrong beliefs and only
partial revelation.