African Americans Living with HIV/AIDS

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African Americans Living with HIV/AIDS

• Kenese Robinson
• Latoya Saunders
• Carlos Restrepo

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Problem

• The incidence of HIV/AIDS has become increasingly
  prevalent world wide. Recent cases show there
  has been a drastic increase in selected African
  American communities. In particular, counties in
  New Jersey with the highest African American
  population has seen a significant number of
  HIV/AIDS cases.

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Question

• Does the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in African
  Americans depend on the type of community?

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Introduction to HIV/AIDS

• HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
• AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency
  Syndrome.
• HIV/AIDS is classified as a retrovirus, a RNA
  tumor virus. Retro refers to the reverse
  direction in which genetic information flows in
  these virus.
• A retrovirus has an unique enzyme called reverse
  transcriptase, which can go from RNA to a RNA-DNA
  hybrid.
• Anyone can get AIDS young or old, male or
  female, homosexual or heterosexual.
• The first reported case of AIDS occurred in the
  United States in 1981.
• 39,481 Adolescents have developed AIDS and 13,094
  have HIV

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Life Cycle
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Structure

• This illustration shows the typical structure of
  HIV. The outer buds are the glycoprotein that
  allows to attach itself to the cell. The
  greenish layer is the viral envelope its function
  is to carry the reverse transcriptase and the RNA.

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AIDS cases and deaths by year in the United States
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AIDS Cases By Race
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AIDS Cases By Race
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Symptoms

• ? rapid weight ? dry cough ? recurring
  fever or profuse night sweats ? swollen lymph
  glands in the armpits, groin, or neck ?
  diarrhea that lasts for more than a week ?
  white spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue,
  in the mouth, or in the throat ? pneumonia ?
  red,brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under
  the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
  ? memory loss, depression, and other neurological
  disorders

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Risk Factors

• Anyone who engages in unprotected penetrative
  (anal, vaginal) or oral sex with an infected
  person
• Anyone who shares needles (works) with an
  infected person
• Perinatal- mother to child during pregnancy or
  birth or through breast-feeding

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Treatments

• Counseling
• Drugs
• Protease Inhibitor
• NNRTI
• NARTI
• Exercise

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Diagnosis

• Most diagnoses for HIV are done through a test
  that looks for the presence of antibodies the
  immune system manufactures to fight against the
  presence HIV in the blood.
• ELISA Test
• Other tests looks for actual HIV presence.
• Western Blot Test
• PCR Test

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Pen 3 Model
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Solutions

• American Red Cross African American HIV/AIDS
  Program
• This program offers the most recent information
  about the impact of HIV and AIDS in African
  American Communities. It Provides cultural
  Specific activity options, and emphasizes
  encouraging HIV prevention behavior. Red Cross
  trained instructors use interactive activities to
  help make community sessions culturally relevant.
  

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Contd

• Hyacinth Aids Foundation
• Hyacinth which has been around for quite a
  while(since 1985) is the largest AIDS service
  organization in New Jersey. This program helps
  people living with HIV, helps in slowing down the
  spread of this epidemic disease and serves a
  critical voice in the public debate surrounding
  AIDS in New Jersey.

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Contd

• Safe Haven
• This Program assists those in need who have been
  affected by the AIDS/HIV virus. It also helps in
  educating the community about the disease. It is
  governed by qualified, dedicated board members
  whose purpose is to bridge the gap between the
  public and the infected, that has been caused
  merely by misconceptions about the disease and
  those infected.

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Contd

• AidsLink
• An organization in South Africa who is involved
  in raising funds to support individual with HIV
  and AIDS

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Contd

• Youth Against AIDS
• This purpose of this program is to open up
  awareness in young people by breaking the silence
  about the aids epidemic. It does this by
  initiating AIDS dialogue among youth. It also
  seeks to empower young people by showing them
  that this is a communicable disease and they have
  options to prevent becoming infected.

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Summary

• Numbers could be inflated because people go to
  different counties other than their residing
  county to be tested for HIV/AIDS.
• Numbers also reflect anonymous and confidential
  patients. Middlesex offers anonymous tests
  compared to Gloucester who does not offer
  anonymous tests.
• Anonymous testing is a number instead of a name.