World War II

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World War II

• From Appeasement to Victory

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Q.O.D. 11 2/2/10

• Why did Britain and France end their policy of
  appeasement?

When Hitler broke his promise to not take more territory when Germany annexed the Sudetenland, Britain and France realized their policy of appeasement was not working. They realized he would continue to try to take more territory if they continued to appease him.

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Invasion of Poland

• Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939.
• Britain and France declared war on Germany two
  days later.
• World War II had begun.

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Invasion of Poland

• Germany attacked from the East, Soviet Union from
  the West
• Each took part of Poland, as agreed in the
  Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Poland no longer existed
• Although Britain and France had vowed to help
  Poland once they realized their policy of
  appeasement wasnt working, Polands location
  made that difficult.

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Blitzkrieg

• Blitzkrieg lightning war
• Luftwaffe (German air force) bombed airfields,
  factories, and towns and dive bombers would fire
  on troops and civilians.
• Then, tanks and troops moved in.

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France

• Maginot Line
• Fortifications built by the French in the 1930s
  along their border with Germany to protect from
  future invasions.
• The French and British were at the Maginot Line
  defending France from the Nazis
• The Germans bypassed the Maginot Line and invaded
  France through the Ardennes Forest in Belgium
• British forces were caught between the German
  army and the English Channel

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Maginot Line
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Dunkirk

• The British sent all available boats naval
  vessels, merchant ships, fishing and pleasure
  boats across the English channel to rescue
  their stranded troops.
• They rescued over 300,000 British troops and
  lifted British morale

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France

• German forces marched toward Paris.
• Italy attacked from the South
• France surrendered
• June 22, 1940 Hitler forced the French to sign
  surrender documents on the same railroad car that
  the Germans were forced to sign the armistice
  ending World War I.
• Germany occupied northern France, in the South
  they set up a puppet state with Vichy as the
  capital

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Britain

• The Nazis attempted to invade Britain in
  Operation Sea Lion
• Beginning in August 1940 Germany bombed the
  southern coast of Britain
• The Germans then changed tactics and began
  bombing London and other cities
• The Blitz
• September 1940-May 1941 Bombing attacks
  destroyed London and killed thousands
• Parliament continued to meet, people went about
  their daily lives, king and queen stayed in
  London in bomb shelters with citizens instead of
  fleeing to the countryside
• Failed German Luftwaffe was defeated by the
  Royal Air Force in the Battle of Britain. Blitz
  made British more determined, and the Battle of
  Britain made them more confident.

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The Blitz
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British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSw8BpcWgET8safety_
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Winston Churchill British Prime Minister
We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in
France, ? we shall fight on the seas and oceans,
? we shall fight with growing confidence and
growing strength in the air, we shall defend our
Island, whatever the cost may be,? we shall fight
on the beaches, ? we shall fight on the landing
grounds, ? we shall fight in the fields and in
the streets, ? we shall fight in the hills ?we
shall never surrender.
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Africa and the Balkans

• September 1940 - Italian forces invaded Egypt
• British pushed the Italians back, but Hitler sent
  General Erwin Rommel the Desert Fox to N.
  Africa
• Rommels Afrika Korps pushed the British back
  across the desert
• October 1940 Italy invaded Greece
• Greece and Yugoslavia were added to the Axis
• Bulgaria and Hungary also joined.
• By 1941 the Axis controlled most of Europe

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Erwin Rommel The Desert Fox
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Germany and the Soviet Union

• June 1941 Hitler violated the Nazi-Soviet Pact
  and invaded the USSR
• Operation Barbarossa
• Wanted to defeat Stalin and crush communism
• Soviets lost 2,500,000 soldiers
• Destroyed land, factories, farms as they
  retreated
• Nazis were nearly ready to take Moscow and
  Leningrad (St. Petersburg)
• Stopped by General Winter, or the extremely
  cold temperatures in Soviet Russia, which left
  the German Army freezing and made resupply
  difficult.

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Map

• On the map you worked on Thursday and Monday,
  identify the further areas of Nazi and Italian
  expansion in Europe and North Africa.
• Use two colors
• First color German territory
• Second color Italian territory