Title: ??????????, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????????? D-Link ??????? ??????????
1??????????, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??
?????? ???????????? D-Link??????? ??????????
?????? ?????????, ??????????? ?? ????????
e-mail azaitsev_at_dlink.ru
2????? VLAN
- ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????
- ????????????????? ?????
- ?????????? ??????? ????.
- ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????
??????????? ? ????????. - ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????????,
???????????? ????????????????? ??????. - ??????????? ????????? ???? (Virtual Local Area
Network, VLAN) - ?????????? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ???????, ?
??? ????? ? ?????????????????, ?? ?????????
?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????. - ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????
????????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??????,
???????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????. - ???????????? ??????????? ????????
????????????????? ?????????, ??? ???????????
?????? ???????????, ????????? ??? ????????????. - ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????.
3???? VLAN
- ? ???????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????
???? VLAN - ?? ?????? ??????
- ?? ?????? ????????? IEEE 802.1Q
- ?? ?????? ????????? IEEE 802.1ad (Q-in-Q VLAN)
- ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? IEEE 802.1v
- ?? ?????? MAC-???????
- ?????????????.
-
- ????? ??? ??????????????? ???? ?? ?????????
?????? ?????? OSI ? ???????????? ?????
?????????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ???????
Traffic Segmentation.
4802.1q VLAN ?? ???? ?????
5??????? IEEE 802.1Q
- ???????? ??????????? IEEE 802.1Q
- Tagging (?????????? ?????) ??????? ??????????
?????????? ? ?????????????? ? 802.1Q VLAN ?
????????? ?????. - Untagging (?????????? ???? ?? ?????) ???????
?????????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? ? 802.1Q
VLAN ?? ????????? ?????. - VLAN ID (VID) ????????????? VLAN.
- Port VLAN ID (PVID) ????????????? ????? VLAN.
- Tagged (?????????????) ????????????? ??? 802.1Q
? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ????
????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ??? ? ?????????
???? ????????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ??????. - Untagged (???????????????) ????????????? ???
802.1Q ?? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ????
????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???
??????????? ???????? ?????????.
6VLAN ?? ?????? ????????? IEEE 802.1Q
??? VLAN 802.1Q ? ????? Ethernet ????????? 32
???? (4 ?????), ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??
1522 ????. VID (VLAN ID) 12-?? ??????
????????????? VLAN ?????????? ????? VLAN
??????????? ??????.
7????????????? ???????? ?????
- ???????? ????? ???????? ??? VLAN 2 ??????, ??? ?
?????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? - ???? 5 ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? VLAN 2
- ???? 7 ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? VLAN 2
- ?????? ???????????????? ?? ???? 5 ? ????????
- ?????? ???????????????? ?? ???? 7 ??? ???????
8????????????? ???????? ?????
9??????????????? ???????? ?????
- PVID ????? 4 -gt 2
- ???????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ?? VLAN 2
- ???? 5 ????????????? ????????? VLAN 2
- ???? 7 ??????????????? ????????? VLAN 2
- ?????? ? ????? 4 ???????????????? ?? ????5 ?
???????? - ?????? ? ????? 4 ???????????????? ?? ????7 ???
???????
10??????????????? ???????? ?????
11?????????? ????, ??????????? ?? 2-? ????????????
?? ??? VLAN
12????????????? VLAN ??? ??????? ?????????
?????????? ? ?????????????? ??????????? L2
13??????? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?
???????? ? Internet
- ????? ??????? (???????? ??????, ???????? ??????,
??????? ??????? ? Internet) ?????? ???? ????????
????????? ??????? ?????????????, ?? ?????? ?????
???????? ?????? ???? ?????? (??? ?????????
?????????????????? ??? ?? ???????????
????????????) - ??????? ?? ?????? L2 ????????????? VLAN ???
??????????? ??????? - ??????? ?? ?????? L3 ?????????? L3 ACL ???
??????????? ??????? ????? ?????????.
14?????? 1 ????????????? VLAN
- V1 ????? 1-8, ??????????????
- ?????(??) ??????(?) ??? ???? Internet
- V2 ????? 9-16, ??????????????
- ???????????? VLAN2 (PC ??? ????????????/??????????
) - V3 ????? 17-24, ??????????????
- ???????????? VLAN3 (PC ??? ????????????/??????????
) - ??????? ? ??????????
- V2 ? V3 ????? ?????? ? V1 ??? ????????? ? ?????
???????? (IPX, IP ??? ?? ???????, AppleTalk,
NetBEUI ? ?.?.) - V2 ? V3 ????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????
Internet ??? ??????? ? ???????? Internet ?
?????????????? IP-??????? ??? ?? ???????. - ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? V2 ? V3.
15?????? 1 ????????????? VLAN
enable asymmetric_vlan create vlan v2 tag
2 create vlan v3 tag 3 config vlan v2 add
untagged 1-16 config vlan v3 add untagged
1-8,17-24 config gvrp 1-8 pvid 1 config gvrp
9-16 pvid 2 config gvrp 17-24 pvid 3 save
- ????
- 1. PC ? V2 ????? ?????? (ping) ? ???????? V1 ? ?
???? Internet. - 2. PC ? V3 ????? ?????? (ping) ? ???????? V1 ? ?
???? Internet. - 3. PC ? V2 ?? ????? ??????? ? PC ? V3, ? PC ? V3
?? ????? ??????? ? PC ? V2.
16??????????? ????????????? VLAN
??????? IGMP Snooping ?? ???????? ???
????????????? ????????????? VLAN. ???????
?????????? L3 ACL ???????? ?????????????
????????? ????????? IGMP snooping
17Private VLAN ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?
?????????????? ??????????? L2
18?????? 1 Private VLAN
- V1 ????? 1-8, ??????????????
- ?????(??) ??????(?) ??? ???? Internet
- V2 ????? 9-16, ??????????????
- ???????????? VLAN2 (PC ??? ????????????/??????????
) - V3 ????? 17-24, ??????????????
- ???????????? VLAN3 (PC ??? ????????????/??????????
) - ??????? ? ??????????
- V2 ? V3 ????? ?????? ? V1 ??? ????????? ? ?????
???????? (IPX, IP ??? ?? ???????, AppleTalk,
NetBEUI ? ?.?.) - V2 ? V3 ????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????
Internet ??? ??????? ? ???????? Internet ?
?????????????? IP-??????? ??? ?? ???????. - ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? V2 ? V3.
19?????? 1 Private VLAN
config vlan default delete 1-26 create vlan
group2 tag 102 config vlan group2 add untagged
9-16 create vlan group3 tag 103 config vlan
group3 add untagged 17-24 create vlan shared tag
1000 type private_vlan config vlan shared add
untagged 1-8 config private_vlan vid 1000 add
community vlanid 101 config private_vlan vid 1000
add community vlanid 102
- ????
- 1. PC ? V2 ????? ?????? (ping) ? ???????? V1 ? ?
???? Internet. - 2. PC ? V3 ????? ?????? (ping) ? ???????? V1 ? ?
???? Internet. - 3. PC ? V2 ?? ????? ??????? ? PC ? V3, ? PC ? V3
?? ????? ??????? ? PC ? V2.
20??????????? ???????
??????? Traffic Segmentation (???????????
???????) ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??
????????? ??????. ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????
??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????,
????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??
?????, ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?
??????????? ??????, ???????????? ??? ???????????
???????? ??? ?????????? ????.
????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????,
????????????? ? ????? 1 ??????????/????????
?????? ?? ????????, ???????????? ? ?????? 1-14
?????????? ????????? ????-???????? ? ????
??????????
????-???????? 1 ? ???? ?????????? 10,
????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????
??????????.
????-???????? 1 ? ???? ?????????? 24,
????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????.
??????????
???????? ?????????!
???? 24
???? 1
???? 10
?
?????? ??????? ????????!
????? ??????????
21??????????? ???????
- ???????????? Traffic Segmentation
- ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????
Traffic Segmentation ?? ????????? ? Asymmetric
VLAN - ???????? ?????????
- ?????????????? ?????? IGMP Snooping
- ??????? Traffic Segmentation ????? ????
???????????? ? ???? ?????????????? ?????? (???
????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????
???? ?? ??????? ??????) - ??? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????
??????. - ??????? Traffic Segmentation ????? ??????????????
? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? VLAN
802.1Q, ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????
??????. ??? ???? ??????? VLAN ????? ????? ???????
????????? ??? ???????? ???????. ??????? Traffic
Segmentation ??????????? ????? ???.
22??????????? ???????
????????? ??????? Traffic Segmentation. ?
???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????
??????????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ???????
???????? ????????????? ? ?????????????? ???????
Traffic Segmentation
23??????????? ???????
????????? ??????????? config traffic_segmentation
1-8 forward_list 1-24 config traffic_segmentation
9-16 forward_list 1-16 config traffic_segmentation
17-24 forward_list 1-8,17-24
24802.1v VLAN ?? ???? ?????? ? ??????????
25???????? 802.1v
- ???????????????? IEEE.
- 802.1v ??? ?????????? 802.1Q (VLAN ?? ??????
??????) ??? ?????????????? ???????????
????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????????
?????, ?? ????? ? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????
??????. - ??? ????????, ??? 802.1v VLAN ??????????????
?????? ?? ????????? ? ?? ?????.
26??????????? ?????? 802.1v
?????? ????? ?????? 802.1v ????? ?? ??? ? ?
802.1q. ???, 32-? ?????? ???? (VLAN Tag) ?
????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??
?????????????? ? ????????????? VLAN ??? ??
??????????. ???????????? ?????? ?????????????
????? Ethernet - 1522 ?????? (1518 4 ????? ????)
DA
SA
Data
CRC
??????? (??? ??????????????) ????
DA
SA
Tagging
Data
CRC
802.1q/1p ???????????? ????
VID
8100
Priority
CFI
.1p
.1q/1v
0
15
18
19
31
Priority (1p) - 3 ????, 0-7. VID (1q/1v) - 12
???, 0-4095.
27??????? ????????????? VLAN
802.1Q VLAN
802.1v VLAN
???????? ????
???????? ????
??????????
??????????
??
??
VID vid ????
VID vid ????
???
???
???????????? VLAN ?? ?????? ???????????
??
????????? VID ?????? ?? ????????? ? ?????
???
VID PVID
VID PVID
28?????????????? ?????? xStack ???? ??????????
?????????? ???????????? ?????????? (15)
???????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? VLAN ??
?????? ??????????. ???????????? ????? ?????
??????? ???? ???????? (?? ???????? ? ???
??????????) ??????????????? userDefined VLAN ??
?????? ??????????. ??????????????? ??????
?????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????? IP,
IPX, DEC, DEC LAT, SNAP, NetBIOS, AppleTalk, XNS,
SNA, IPv6, RARP ? VINES.
?????? ??????
???????? ????????? ?? 7 VLAN ?? ?????? ??????????
?? ?????? ?????
29?????? 1 ?????????? VLAN ?? ?????? ??????????
??????? 2
IPv6 VLAN
??????? 4
DGS-3324SR
.254
.254
?????? IP, 192.168.4.x/24 ???? 192.168.4.254
IPv6 VLAN ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? IPv6
???????????? ????????? IP 192.168.2.x/24 ????
192.168.2.254
?????? ????? 1-8 ??? IPv6 VLAN ?? ??????
??????????. ???????????? ? ???? VLAN ??????????
???????? IPv6. ? ???? VLAN ?????? ??????????????
?????? ?????? IPv6, ? ?????? ?????? ??????????,
??????? IPv4, ?????? ?????????????, ???
?????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?
??????? ????????????. ???????????? IPv6 ?? ?????
????????????????? ? ??????? ?????????.
30?????? 1 ?????????? VLAN ?? ?????? ??????????
- ?? DGS-3324SR
- 1. ??????? ????? ?? default vlan.
- config vlan default delete 11-124
- 2. ??????? VLAN, ???????? ? ???? ???????????????
?????, ? ????? ??????? IP-????????? ? ???? VLAN.
- create vlan v101 tag 101 type protocol-ipV6
- config vlan v101 add untagged 1-8
- create vlan v102 tag 102
- config vlan v102 add untagged 9-16
- create ipif net2 192.168.2.254/24 v102 state
enabled - create vlan v104 tag 104
- config vlan v104 add untagged 17-24
- create ipif net4 192.168.4.254/24 v104 state
enabled - ?? ??????????? ?????????????
31?????? 2 ???????????? ?????????? ??????????
IP-?????? ???????????????? ????? ????? VLAN ??
???? ??????, L3.
??????? 2
??????? 1
??????? 4
DGS-3324SR
.254
.254
.254
???????????? ???? ??????????, IP ?
IPX 192.168.1.x/24 ???? 192.168.1.254
?????? IP, 192.168.4.x/24 ???? 192.168.4.254
??????/?????? IPX
???????????? ????????? IP 192.168.2.x/24 ????
192.168.2.254
IPX-?????? ???????? ????? VLAN ?? ??????
????????? IPX, L2.
32?????? 2 ???????????? ?????????? ??????????
1. ??????? ????? ?? default vlan. config vlan
default delete 11-124 2. ??????? VLAN, ????????
? ???? ??????????????? ?????, ? ????? ???????
IP-????????? ? ???? VLAN. create vlan v101 tag
101 config vlan v101 add untagged 1-8 create
ipif net1 192.168.1.254/24 v101 state
enabled create vlan v102 tag 102 config vlan
v102 add untagged 9-16 create ipif net2
192.168.2.254/24 v102 state enabled create vlan
v104 tag 104 config vlan v104 add untagged
17-24 create ipif net4 192.168.4.254/24 v104
state enabled 3. ??????? VLAN ?? ??????
????????? IPX ???, ????? ? ?????? 1-8
???????????? ????? ?????????? ? ??????? IPX ??
???? 24 create vlan v200 tag 200 type
protocol-ipx802dot3 config vlan v200 add
untagged 1-8, 24
33?????? 3 PPPoE
Vlan 20
PPPoE Internet
Vlan 10, 20
Vlan 10
DHCP server
???????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? vlan 10 ?
????? ?????? ? ????????? ????? PPPoE ??????,
??????????? ? vlan 20
34?????????
VLAN config vlan default delete 1-28 create vlan
pppoe tag 20 config vlan pppoe add untagged
1-24 config vlan pppoe add tagged 26 create vlan
base tag 10 config vlan base add tagged 26 config
vlan base add untagged 1-24 PVID config
port_vlan 1-24 pvid 10 DOT1V create
dot1v_protocol_group group_id 1 group_name
pppoe_disc config dot1v_protocol_group group_id 1
add protocol ethernet_2 8863 create
dot1v_protocol_group group_id 2 group_name
pppoe_session config dot1v_protocol_group
group_id 2 add protocol ethernet_2 8864 config
port dot1v ports 1-24 add protocol_group group_id
1 vlan pppoe config port dot1v ports 1-24 add
protocol_group group_id 2 vlan pppoe
35QoS. ???????? ????????????
36???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ?????? QoS
- ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? QoS ? ????
- ????????????????? ???????? ?????? (Best Effort
Service) ???????????? ????? ????? ??????, ?? ??
??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????, ?????
????????, ?????????? ??????????? ? ????????????
?????????. - ??????????????? ?????? (Integrated Services,
IntServ) ??? ?????? ??????? ? RFC 1633 ?
???????????? ??????????????? ??????????????
??????? ???????? ? ????? ???????????
?????????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????,
????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????????
??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??
???? ???? ?????????? ???????. - ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? QoS (hard
QoS) ? ????? ? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?
???????? ????. - ?????????????????? ???????????? (Differentiated
Service, DiffServ) ??? ?????? ??????? ? RFC
2474, RFC 2475 ? ???????????? ?????????? ???????
?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????
????????????. - ?????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ????????
????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????????
????????? ?????? ? ??????? IntServ ? ???? ?? ????
?? ???????????? ??????????? ????????
??????????????? ?????, ??????? ??????????????????
???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? QoS (soft
QoS).
37???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ????????????? ???????
- ??? ??????????? QoS ?? ????????? ?????? ??????
OSI ??????????? ???????????? ???????? IEEE
802.1?. - ???????? IEEE 802.1? ????????? ?????? ?? 8
??????? ??????????? (?? 0 ?? 7, ??? 7
?????????), ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????,
????????? 3 ???? ???? ?????????? ???? IEEE
802.1Q.
38???????? ???????????? (QoS)
IEEE 802.1p ????????? ?? ?????????
???????????? ??? ????, ????? ???????? ???
802.1p/1q ? ??????????????? ????????? ?????.
????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????
0. DES-3200-264 show 802.1p default_priority Co
mmand show 802.1p default_priority Port
Priority ------ ------------- 1 0 2
0 3 0 ???????? ????????? ??
????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? config 802.1p
default_priority ltportsgt ltprioritygt
39QoS ? MAN ?????
?????? ? MAN ?????
- VoIP - QoS 5
- IPTV - QoS 4
- Data
- Management
- Internet
- Intranet (Local)
- QoS 7 - QoS 3 - QoS 0
?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? QoS-??
???????? ???????????????, ?? ????????????? ????
????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????
????.
40???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ????????????? ???????
- ??? ??????????? QoS ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? OSI
? ????????? ????????? IPv4 ????????????? 8-??????
???? ToS (Type of Service). - ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????
?????????? IP Precedence, ???? ????????? DSCP
(Differentiated Services Code Point) ?
??????????? ?? ???????? ?????? - ???? IP Precedence ????? ??????????? 3 ???? ?
????? ????????? ???????? ?? 0 ?? 7 - ???? DSCP ???? ????????????????? IETF ?
?????????? ?????? DiffServ. ??? ???????? 6
??????? ??? ????? ToS ? ????????? ?????? ?? 64
??????? ??????????? (?? 0 ?? 63).
41???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ????????????? ???????
- ????????????? ??????? (packet classification).-
??? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?
?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??
???????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???
?????????. - ????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ??????
- ?????????? 802.1?
- IP-????????? ??? ???? DSCP ? ????? ToS
- ???-?????? ????????? ?/??? ?????????
- IP-?????? ????????? ?/??? ?????????
- ?????? ????? TCP/UDP ????????? ?/??? ?????????
- ???? VLAN ? ?.?.
- ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????
??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? 802.1?,
ToS, DSCP ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?
???????????? ? ???????????? ?????????????. - ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????
????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????
?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? (Access
Control List, ACL).
42???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ????????????? ???????
- ??? ??????????? ??????????????????? ????????????
???????, ??????????? ???????????? ? ???????????
?? ?????? ?? 4 ?? 8 ?????????? ????????
??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. - ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????
??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????
???????? ???????????? ???????? ? ????? ????????
??????????? 802.1?, ToS, DSCP ? ????????. - ?? ????????? ? ???????????? D-Link ????????????
????????? ????? ???????? ????????????????
??????????? 802.1? ? ?????????? ????????
4 ??????? ???????????
8 ???????? ???????????
????????? ????? ???????
0 Q1
1 Q0
2 Q0
3 Q1
4 Q2
5 Q2
6 Q3
7 Q3
????????? ????? ???????
0 Q2
1 Q0
2 Q1
3 Q3
4 Q4
5 Q5
6 Q6
7 Q6
43???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ?????????? ???????
- ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????
??????????? ?????????? ??????? (packet marking). - ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????
??????/?????????? ???????? ????? ??????????
(DSCP, 802.1p ??? IP Precedence) ???????? ???????
??????. - ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??
????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????????
????????????/??????????????? ???????????? ?????
???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?
?????? ?? ?????????????? ? ???? ???????
????????????. - ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ? ??????????
???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???????
?????????? ????????.
44???????? ???????????? (QoS)
?????????? ???????????? ? ????????? ????????????
???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????
? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????
??????? ???????????. ? ??????
????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????
???????????????? ? ?????????????? ?? ????????.
??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????
???????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????
?? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????
???????????? ???????? (Queuing mechanism),
??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????
???????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ??????????.
45???????? ???????????? (QoS)
???????? ?????????? ????????????
46???????? ???????????? (QoS)
???????? ???????????? ???????? FIFO ????????
??????, ???????????? ? ??????? ? ??? ???????, ?
??????? ??? ????????? ? ???. ???? ???????? ??
???????????? ????????????? ??????? ?
????????????? ?? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????.
47???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? (Strict
Priority Queue) - ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?
???????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????????. - ? ???? ????????? ????????????? ??????? 4-?
???????? ? ???????, ???????, ??????? ? ??????
???????????? ????????????. - ??????, ??????????? ? ??????? ? ???????
???????????, ?????????????? ???????. ?????? ??
????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ???????
?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????, ???
???????? ?????????????????? ???????. - ????????
- ?????? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?????
????? ?? ??????????????. - ?? ????????? ?? ???????????? D-Link ?????????
??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????.
48???????? ???????????? (QoS)
??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? (Strict
Priority Queue)
??????? ? ??????? ???????????
1
1
4
5
8
4
??????? ?? ??????? ???????????
????????????? ???????
?????????????? ??????????
2
Strict Priority
2
6
5
??????? ? ?????????? ???????????
3
6
??????? ? ?????? ???????????
8
7
3
7
????? ??????????
49???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????
(Weighted Round Robin) - ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????
???????? ???????????, ??????????? ?????????
???????? ? ???????????? ? ??????????? ?? ????? ?
???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??
????????????????? ????????. - ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??
????????? ????????, ??????? ? ????? ????????????
???????. ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????
????????? ????? ???????, ????????????????
???????????? ?? ????, ????? ???? ???????????
??????? ? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????????
??????? ? ?.?. ?? ?????.
50???????? ???????????? (QoS)
?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????
(Weighted Round Robin)
??????? 3 (40)
1
1
4
5
8
4
??????? 2 (30)
????????????? ???????
?????????????? ??????????
5
2
6
WRR
2
??????? 1 (20)
3
6
??????? 0 (10)
3
7
7
8
????? ??????????
51???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ???????? ?????????????? ??????????
- ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? (Congestion
avoidance) ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????????
??????? ? ????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???? ?
?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????
???????????? ????? (? ???????). - ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????
?????????? - ???????? ???????????? ?????? (Tail-Drop)
- ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????
(Random Early Detection, RED) - ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???????
??????????? (Simple Random Early Detection,
SRED) - ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????
??????????? (Weighted Random Early Detection,
WRED).
52???????? ???????????? (QoS)
???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? Traffic
Policing (??????????? ???????) ? Traffic Shaping
(???????????? ???????) ????????? ????????????
????????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????????? ???????
???????? ????????????.
53???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ??????? Bandwidth control
- ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?
?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? Ethernet ???????????
D-Link ???????????? ??????? Bandwidth control,
??????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????
???????? Traffic Policing. - ????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????
????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?
????????? ?? 64 ????/? ?? ???????????
?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????? 64
????/?. - ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? 128 ????/? ???
???????, ????????????? ? ?????????? 5 ???????????
- config bandwidth_control 5 tx_rate 128
- ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????
??????????? ???????? ??????? per-flow Bandwidth
control. - ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????
??????????? ?? ????? ???????, ??????????? ???
????????????? ? ?????????? ???????????, ?
?????????? ??????? ??????, ????????????
??????????????? ????. - ??????? per-flow Bandwidth control ??????????
???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???
????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?
??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????????.
54???????? ???????????? (QoS)
?????? ????????? QoS ???????????? B ? D
?????????? ?????????? IP-?????????. ??????????
??????? ????????????? B ? D ????????? ??????????
????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?
???????? ?????? ??????????, ??????????? ??
??????????? ????????? ????????????? ????.
B VoIP
A
U
U
DES3526_A
T
T
DES3526_B
U
U
D VoIP
C
55???????? ???????????? (QoS)
- ????????? ????????????
- ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????
?????????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? 802.1?,
????????? ?????? ???????????, ? ???????
?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??
??????????????? ? ?????????????. - config vlan default add tagged 1
-
- ???????? ????????? ????? 24, ? ???????? ?????????
???????????? B, ???????????? ??????????
IP-????????? ? 0 (??????????? ?? ?????????) ?? 7.
?????? ? ??????????? 7 ????? ?????????? ? ???????
Q6, ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. -
- config 802.1p default_priority 24 7
-
56????????? ???????????? ?????? Spanning Tree
Protocols 802.1d (STP) 802.1w (RSTP) 802.1s
(MSTP)
57???????? Spanning Tree
- ????? ????? ???????? Spanning Tree?
- ?????????? ??????
- ????????? ?????
- ??????
- IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol, STP
- IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol, RSTP
- IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol, MSTP
58??? ????? ??????? ????? L2
??????????? (L2), ???????????? ? ??????, ????????
???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????
?????? 1
?????? 2
?????? 3
????????????????? ?????
????????????????? ?????
????????????????? ?????
?????????? ??????????? ? ???? ???????? ????????
???????????? L2, VLAN ?? ??? ?? ?????????, ?
???????? Spanning Tree ?? ???????.
???????? ? ???? L2 Ethernet ?? ???????????
?????. ???? ??? ????, ?? ??? ????? ???????
????????????????? ????? (Broadcast Storm).
59?????????? ??????
???????? Spanning Tree
?????? ?????
????????????????? ?????
???? ??? ????????????
??????? ???????? Spanning Tree (STP, RSTP, MSTP)
????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????.
60?????????(??) ?????(?)
???????? Spanning Tree
????? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ???????????????
???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????????
????.
??????????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????
???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????, ????????
Spanning Tree ????? ???????? ??????????????? ????
??? ??????????? ?????????? ????.
61?????? BPDU ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????????
????????? ???? ??? ??????
- ?????? BPDU ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ??????
?????????? ??????, ????????, ?????? Ethernet. ???
???????? ????????? ?????, ???????????? ??????
STP. ????? ??? ???????? ?????? - ????????????? ???????????
- ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????????
- ????????????? ?????
62IEEE 802.1d, STP
??? ???????? STP (802.1d) 1. ?????????? ????????
?????????? (Root Bridge). ?????????? ? ??????????
ID ?????????? ????????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?
????????????? ???? LAN. 2. ???????????? ????????
???? (Root Port) ??? ??????? ???????????. ????
??????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????
?? ????????? ??????????? (Root Path Cost)
??????????? ???????? ??????. ?? ?????? ???? ????
? ??????? ???????????. 3. ????????????
??????????? ???? (Designated Port) ??? ???????
???????? LAN. ????, ?? ???????? ????????
????????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???
???????? LAN ??????????, ?????????? ???????????
??? ??????? ????????. ?????? ??????? LAN ?????
?????? ???? ??????????? ????. 4. ??????????? ???
?????, ?? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????????.
63??? ???????? STP
(1) ???????? ??????????
(3) ??????????? ?????
(3) ??????????? ?????
(2) ???????? ?????
(4) ????????????? ??? ?????, ????? ???????? ?
???????????
64????????? ?????? ? STP
?????????????
- ????????????
- ???? ????????? BPDU ??????
- ?? ??????? ??????
- ?????????????
- ?????????? Root bridge, ???????? ???? ?
??????????? ????? - ????????
- ??????? MAC ?????? ???????? ???????, ?? ??
???????? ?????? - ???????????
- ?????????? ?????? ?????
- ?????????
- ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? STP ??????, STP
????????, ?????? ?? ??????????
????????????
Max Age 20 ???.
?????????????
?????????
Forward delay 15 ???.
????????
Forward delay 15 ???.
???????????
65??????? ????????? STP
- ?????????? ????????? ???????? STP
- hello ???????? hello ??? ????? ????? Bridge
Protocol Data Unit (BPDU), ??????????? ? ??????
???????????. ?? ????????? ??? 2 ???????, ?? ?????
???? ????? ? ????????? ?? 1 ?? 10 ??????. - forward delay Forward delay (????????
???????????) ??? ????? ? ???? ??????????
????????????? ? ????????. ?? ????????? ??? 15
??????, ?? ????? ???? ????????? ? ????????? ?? 4
?? 30 ??????. - max age Max age (???????????? ???????) ??????,
?????????????? ?????, ? ??????? ???????? ????
??????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????????
BPDU. ??? 20 ?????? ?? ????????? ? ????? ????
???????? ? ????????? ?? 6 ?? 40 ??????.
??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? BPDU
????????????. ????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????
???????? ? ?????? ???????????? BPDU, ?????????
??? ??????? ????????? (Message Age). ???????
????????? ??? ?? ????????????? ????????. ???
???????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????
?????? ??????? BPDU ???????? ????????????.
???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? BPDU
? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????, ? ??? ??????
??????????? ?? ???? BPDU ????? ????????? ? ????
1. ? ??????????, ???? ???????? ???????? ???
?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????????,
??????? ???? BPDU.
66Topology change notification
Root
???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? BPDU
- ??? ????????? ?????????
- ??????????? ???????? TCN ????? ???????? ????
- ??? ????????? TCN ?????????? ???????? ???????
????????????? ?????????
67?????????? STP
???????? ?????????? 802.1d STP ???????
????? ??????????. ????????? STP (802.1d) ??????
??? ????? ????????? ?? 30 ?? 60
??????. ??????? IEEE 802.1w ????????
Rapid Spanning Tree, RSTP.
68???????? Rapid Spanning Tree, RSTP
- ???????????????? IEEE 802.1w
???????????? ????????? ??????? ????????
?????????? ????????????? ???? ????????????
????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????? ?
????????? ??????????? ??????
69????????? ??????
- ? ????????? 802.1d ?????????? 4 ?????????
????????? ?????? blocking (????????????),
listening (?????????????), learning (????????), ?
forwarding (???????????).
????????????
?????????????
????????
???????????
802.1d
- ? ????????? 802.1w ?????????? 3 ?????????
????????? ?????? 802.1w discarding
(????????????), learning (????????), ? forwarding
(???????????).
????????????
????????
???????????
802.1w
70???????????? ????????? ?????? ????? 802.1d ?
802.1w
STP (802.1d) ????????? ????? RSTP (802.1w) ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? MAC-???????
???????? ???????????? ??? ???
???????????? ???????????? ??? ???
????????????? ???????????? ??? ???
???????? ???????? ??? ??
??????????? ??????????? ?? ??
71???? ??????
- ???? ???????? ??????
- ???? ??????????? ??????
- ???? ?????????????? ??????
- ???? ????????? ??????
72???? ??????
- ???? ?????????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?
????????? RSTP - ?????????????? ???? ????, ??????? ?????
???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? - ????????? ???? ????, ??????? ????? ????????
??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????
73???? ??????
- ???? ?????????????? ? ????????? ??????
- ??? ??? ???? ????????????? ????????????????
????????? ?? ????????? 802.1d. - ??? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? BPDU,
??? ???????? ?? ? ???? ???????. ????? ??????????
???????? BPDU ??? ????, ????? ??????????
???????????????. ? RSTP ???? ??? ????? ??? ????.
74???? ??????
- ???? ?????????????? ??????
?????????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????????? ?
?????????? ????????? ????? ???????????????? BPDU
?? ??????? ???????????.
???????? ??????????
BPDU
BPDU
A
B
?????????????? ????
75???? ??????
????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????????? ?
?????????? ????????? ????? ???????????????? BPDU
?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????, ???????? ??
???????????.
???????? ??????????
BPDU
BPDU
A
B
????????? ????
76????????????? ? 802.1d
????????, ??????????? A ? B ?? ????? ????????????
RSTP, ? ?????????? A ???????? ?????????? ???
??????? ????????. ?????????? ?????????? C,
?????????????? ?????? STP ????? ???????????? ?
????. ??? ??? ??????????? 802.1d ?????????? RSTP
BPDU ? ??????????? ??, C ???????, ??? ? ????????
??? ?????? ???????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???
BPDU ??????? 802.1d.
A(1W)
B(1W)
C(1D)
STP BPDU
RSTP BPDU
77????????????? ? 802.1d
?????????? A ???????? ??? BPDU ?, ???????? ?????
??? ????????? Hello (?????? ????????
????????????), ???????? ????? ?? 802.1d ?????? ??
???? ?????. ? ??????????, C ????? ?????? ????????
BPDU ? ? ??????????? ? ???, ??? A ????????
?????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????????.
STP BPDU
78???????????? ??????? ????
??????? ????? 802.1d ? 802.1w ??????????? ? ???,
??? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????.
? 802.1d ??????? ????????? ??? ???????,
?????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?
???????????????? ?? ?? 1. ? 802.1w, ????????
???????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? 1/16
????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? 1, ???????????
?? ?????????? ??????.
?????????? ??????? ???? ???????????, ?????
((MessageAgeHelloTime)gtMaxAge)
????????, ??? ??????????? ????????? MaxAge(20 ?)
? Hello (2 ?), ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? 18
????????? ?? ????????? ???????????, ??? ?????
??????????? 37 ???????????? ? ??????? ??? ??????,
??? ???????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?
??????.
79????? ?????? STP ? RSTP
- ??????????
- STP, 802.1d 30 ?.
- RSTP, 802.1w 2-3 ?.
- ???????
- STP, 802.1d 7 ?????????
- RSTP, 802.1w 18 ?????????
- 802.1w ??????? ????????? ? 802.1d. ??? ?? ?????,
???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????.
80?????? RSTP
- ??????
- ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? RSTP.
- ?????????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????????
??????, ????? ?????? ???????? RSTP. - PC1 ??????? PC2 ? PC2 ??????? PC1 ?????????. ????
??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??
??????, ??? ?? 1-2 ???????. (????? ??????????) - ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????
81?????? RSTP
PC1 10.1.1.2
?????? DES-3526 A
?????? 1
?????? 2
DES-3526 B
PC2 10.1.1.1
???????? STP ?? ????? ???????????? DES-3526.
????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???? DES-3526. PC1
? PC2 ??????? ???? ????? ?????????. ???????????
?????? 1 ? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????
(?????????? ??????????? ping) ?????
????????????????? ?????. ???????????? ?????? 1
??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????
????????????????? ?????.
82????????? RSTP
DES-3526 A enable stp ??????? ???, ?????
?????????? A ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???
????, ????? ?? ???? ????????. ????????? ??
????????? 32768. config stp priority 4096
instance_id 1 DES-3526 B enable stp
???????? 1. PC1 ??????? PC2 ? PC2 ??????? PC1
?????????. 2. ????????? ?????? 1. ????? ?????
?????????????? ????? 1-2 ? (?????? 1-2 ping) ?
????? ?????????? ??????? 1-2 ?. 3. ????????????
?????? 1 ???????. ????? ????? ?????????????? ?
??????? 1-2 ping.
83??????????? RSTP
??????????? RSTP ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????
????? Spanning Tree (???? ??????). ???? ??
??????????? ???????????????? ????????? VLAN, ??
??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????.
??? ??????, ??? ??? VLAN ???????? ???? ??????????
?????????, ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????.
???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????
??? ??????? VLAN.
??????? ???????? Multiple Spanning Tree, MSTP
(IEEE 802.1s)
84???????? Multiple Spanning Tree, MSTP
- ???????????????? IEEE 802.1s.
- MSTP ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ????? STP
? ???? ? 802.1q VLAN. ?? ????????? ???? VLAN
??????? ? ????? ?????? STP, ? ?????? ? ??????,
??????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????.
- ????? MSTP ????????????? ???????????
????????????? ????????. - ?????? ????? (??????????? ??????) MSTP ?????
?????????? ???????? RSTP ??? ????? ???????
?????????? ????.
85??????? MSTP
- ?????? MSTP ??? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?
?????????? MSTP ? ?????????? ????????????? MST. - ??? ????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????
MST ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? - ???????????????? ???
- ???????????????? ????? ???????
- ????? ???????? VLAN ? ?????? STP
- ???????????? MSTP ????? ???? ???????????? ??????
?????? ???????. ? ?????? ???????? ????????????
?????? ???? ????? STP ??? ???? VLAN.
86?????? ?????? MSTP
????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? MSTP
Vlan 2
Vlan 3
87??????? ????????? MSTP
- ???????? STP ?? ?????? ??????????.
- ???????? ?????? STP ?? MSTP. (?? ????????? RSTP)
- ?????? ??? ??????? MSTP ? ???????.
- ??????? ????? ? ???????????????? VLAN.
- ???????????????? ????????? STP ???, ????? ????
?????? ???????? ??????????. ?? ????????? ???
32768. ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????????. ??
?????????, ??? ?????? ???????? MAC, ??? ??????
??????????? ????? ???????? ????????????. - ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???, ????? ??????
???? ? VLAN, ??????? ????? ????????????. - ?????? ??????????? ????.
88MSTP ?????? 2 ????????????? ????????
???????????? DES-3526_A
???????????? DES-3526_B
config vlan default delete 1-24 create vlan v2
tag 2 config vlan v2 add untagged 1-8 config vlan
v2 add tagged 25-26 create vlan v3 tag 3 config
vlan v3 add untagged 17-24 config vlan v3 add
tagged 25-26 enable stp config stp version
mstp config stp mst_config_id name abc config stp
mst_config_id revision_level 1 create stp
instance_id 2 config stp instance_id 2 add_vlan
2 create stp instance_id 3 config stp instance_id
3 add_vlan 3 ?????? ????????? STP ???, ?????
?????????? A ???? ????????. config stp priority
4096 instance_id 0 config stp priority 4096
instance_id 2 config stp priority 4096
instance_id 3 ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???,
????? ???? 25 ???? ???????? ??? v2, ? ???? 26
- ??? v3. config stp mst_ports 25 instance_id 2
priority 96 config stp mst_ports 26 instance_id 3
priority 96 config stp ports 1-24 edge true
config vlan default delete 1-24 create vlan v2
tag 2 config vlan v2 add tagged 25-26 config vlan
v2 add untagged 1-8 create vlan v3 tag 3 config
vlan v3 add tagged 25-26 config vlan v3 add
untagged 17-24 enable stp config stp version
mstp config stp mst_config_id name abc config stp
mst_config_id revision_level 1 create stp
instance_id 2 config stp instance_id 2 add_vlan
2 create stp instance_id 3 config stp instance_id
3 add_vlan 3 config stp ports 1-24 edge true
??????? ??????? ??? A ? B show stp
instance_id show stp ports
89MSTP ? ????? ???????? ?????? (??????)
192.168.2.x/24 Gw192.168.2.254
192.168.3.x/24 Gw192.168.3.254
????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????????
v2
v3
L3 DGS-3324SR
1-12
13-20
L2 DES3526_A
L2 DES3526_B
25,26
v3
v2
v3
v2
T
T
25,26
T
T
T
1-8
1-8
9-24
9-24
192.168.2.x/24 ???? 192.168.2.254
192.168.3.x/24 ???? 192.168.3.254
192.168.2.x/24 ???? 192.168.2.254
192.168.3.x/24 ???? 192.168.3.254
?????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????????
?????? L3, ? ?? ????? ??? MSTP ????????????? ??
?????? L2. ? ??????? ?????? ??????????????
????????????? ????????. ???? ???? ?????
??????????, ?? ???????????? ?????? ? ????????
?????????.
90???????????? DGS3324SR L3
???????????? DES3526
config vlan default delete 1-20 create vlan v2
tag 2 config vlan v2 add untagged 1-12 config
vlan v2 add tagged 21-24 create ipif ip2
192.168.2.254/24 v2 create vlan v3 tag 3 config
vlan v3 add untagged 13-20 config vlan v3 add
tagged 21-24 create ipif ip3 192.168.3.254/24
v3 ???????????? MSTP enable stp config stp
version mstp config stp mst_config_id name
abc config stp mst_config_id revision_level
1 create stp instance_id 2 config stp
instance_id 2 add_vlan 2 create stp instance_id
3 config stp instance_id 3 add_vlan 3 config stp
ports 1-20 edge true
config vlan default delete 1-24 create vlan v2
tag 2 config vlan v2 add untagged 1-8 config vlan
v2 add tagged 25-26 create vlan v3 tag 3 config
vlan v3 add untagged 9-24 config vlan v3 add
tagged 25-26 ???????????? MSTP enable
stp config stp version mstp config stp
mst_config_id name abc config stp mst_config_id
revision_level 1 create stp instance_id 2 config
stp instance_id 2 add_vlan 2 create stp
instance_id 3 config stp instance_id 3 add_vlan
3 config stp ports 1-24 edge true
91??????? LoopBack Detection
92??????????? ?????? ?? ???????????????? STP
LoopBack Detection
?????????? ?????? ???????
????????????? ??????????
?????
????????, ?????????? ?? ???????, ?????????
??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????
?????? STP ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????????
BPDU. ????? ??????? LoopBack Detection
??????????? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ????, ??
??????? ?????????? ?????, ??? ????? ????????????
???????? ? ????.
93LoopBack Detection (??????)
- ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? DES-3526
?????????? ?????? ? ????????????? ?????????. -
- 1-?? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ?
????? ? ??????????? ???? ???? (????? Port-Based) - ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????
- 1) enable loopdetect
- 2) config loopdetect recover_timer 60
(lbd_recover_timer ?????, ? ??????? ????????
????? ????? ?????????????. ??? ???????? ?????????
?? ???????????. ???? ?????????? ????????? ???
???????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ? 0) - 3) config loopdetect interval 10 (?????????
???????? ? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????
ECTP (Ethernet Configuration Testing Ptotocol)) - 4) config loopdetect mode port-based (?????
?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ?????
????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????) - 5) config loopdetect ports 1-26 state enabled
94??????????? ?????? ?? ????????????????
LoopBack Detection
?????????? ?????? ???????
????????????? ??????????
?????
? ???? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????
STP ?? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????
?????. ? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????
? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????. ???
??????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????
??????????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ???????. ????
??? ?????? ???? ??????? Port-Based ? VLAN-Based.
95LoopBack Detection (??????)
- ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? DES-3526
?????????? ?????? ? ????????????? ?????????. -
- 2-?? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ???????
VLAN-? ? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? VLAN-?
(????? Port-Based) - ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????
- 1) enable loopdetect
- 2) config loopdetect recover_timer 60
(lbd_recover_timer ?????, ? ??????? ????????
????? ????? ?????????????. ??? ???????? ?????????
?? ???????????. ???? ?????????? ????????? ???
???????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ? 0) - 3) config loopdetect interval 10 (?????????
???????? ? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????
ECTP (Ethernet Configuration Testing Ptotocol)) - 4) config loopdetect mode vlan-based (?????
?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ????? ?
VLAN ????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?
???? VLAN-?) - 5) config loopdetect ports 1-26 state enabled
96????????????? ??????? ?????
97????????????? ??????? ?????
- ???? ????????????? ??????? ?????
- ???????????
- ??? ????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????
???????, ? ??? ?? ????????? ????????????
????????? ? ?????????????? ??????. - ????????????, ?? ?????? ????????? IEEE 802.3ad
(LACP) - ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????
??????? Link Aggregation Control Protocol
(LACP).
98????????????? ??????? ?????
- Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
- ???????? LACP ?????????? ????? ??????????
???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????
?????????? ?????? ? ????????????? ???????
??????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????
(?? ?????????? ??? ????????), ????? ????????
??????????? ?????? ????????? LACP ???????????????
???????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? LACP. - ????? LACP ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???
?????, ?? ??????? ????????????? ????????. - ?????, ?? ??????? ????????????? ???????? LACP,
????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????
??????? - ???????? (active)
- ????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????????
?????? ????????? LACP. - ????????? (passive)
- ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????
?????? LACP.
99????????????? ??????? ?????
- ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????
????? - ? ??????, ???????????? ? ?????????????? ?????,
????????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????
?????????? ????????? - ??? ????? ????????
- ????????
- ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
- ????? ?????????? ??????? (Flow Control) .
- ??? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ????? ??
??? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????
?????????????? 802.1?, ?????????????? ??????? ?
?????????? ??????.
100????????????? ??????? ?????
? ???? ???? 4 ?????????? PC ? ???????? ? ??????
???????. ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? 4-?
?????????????? ??????, ??????????? ??????????
????????????? ???????? ?? ?????? MAC-???????.
???????? ?????? ????? PC-1 ? ???????? ?????
?????? ?????????????? ????. ?????? ????? PC-2 ?
???????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????. ??????
????? PC-3 ? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????????
????. ?????? ????? PC-4 ? ???????? ?????
????????? ?????????????? ????.
101??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?
LACP
???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? Link
Aggregation Control Protocol IEEE 802.3ad (LACP)
???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????
??????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?
?????? ??????? ???????????. ??? ???????????
?????????????? ??????? (?? ????????? ??? ????????
????????????) ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????
????????? ???????, ? ??? ?? ?????????
???????????? ????????? ? ?????????????? ??????.
??? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????
(??????????? LACP-??????????? ?????) ???????????
?????? ???? ?????????? ? LACP ???
???????????????? ???? ???????. ????????????
?????????????? ????? ???????? ????????
????????????????, ???? ? ????? ???????
?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????
(active), ? ? ?????? ??? ?????????
(passive). ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????, ??
??? ??????????? ?????????????. ??????????????
????? ????? ???? ???? LACP ???? Static. LACP
????????, ??? ????? ?????????? ? LACP, ?.?. ?????
???? ?????????? ?????? ? LACP-????????????
??????????. ????? ? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????
??????????? ?????? ????????????, ? ???
??????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????,
?????? ???? ????????? ???????, ???? ????????
?????? ?????? ? ?.?.
102????????????? ??????? ?????
????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????
????????????? ?????? (Link Aggregation Algorithm)
?? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????
??????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????
??????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????
?????? ????? ????? ??????. ? ???????????? D-Link
?????????????? 9 ?????????? ?????????????
?????? 1. mac_source ???-????? ????????? 2.
mac_destination ???-????? ?????????? 3.
mac_source_dest ???-????? ????????? ?
?????????? 4. ip_source IP-????? ????????? 5.
ip_destination IP-????? ?????????? 6.
ip_source_dest IP-????? ????????? ?
?????????? 7. l4_src_port TCP/UDP-????
????????? 8. l4_dest_port TCP/UDP-????
?????????? 9. l4_src_dest_port TCP/UDP-????
????????? ? ??????????. ?? ?????????
???????????? ???????? mac_source
103??????????? ????????????? ??????? (??????)
????????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? A
(????? ? ?????? - 2, 4, 6 ? 8) ???????????? 1.
???????? ?????? ????????????? create
link_aggregation group_id 1 type static config
link_aggregation algorithm mac_destination 2.
??????? ?????? ???? ?????? config
link_aggregation group_id 1 master_port 2 ports
2,4,6,8 state enabled ??? ??????????? B (????? ?
?????? - 1, 3, 5 ? 7) ???????????? 1. ????????
?????? ????????????? create link_aggregation
group_id 1 config link_aggregation algorithm
mac_source 2. ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? config
link_aggregation group_id 1 master_port 1 ports
1,3,5,7 state enabled
104????????????? ??????? ?????
????????? ????????????? ??????? (LACP)
- ????????? ??????????? 1
- ??????? ?????? ????????????? (??? ?????? LACP) ?
?????? ???????? ?????????????. - create link_aggregation group_id 1 type lacp
- create link_aggregation group_id 2 type lacp
- config link_aggregation algorithm mac_destination
-
- ???????? ????? 1, 2, 3, 4 ? ?????? 1 ? ???????
???? 1 ? ???????? ???????-?????. - config link_aggregation group_id 1 master_port 1
ports 1-4 state enabled -
- ???????? ????? 5, 6, 7, 8 ? ?????? 2 ? ???????
???? 5 ? ???????? ???????-?????. - config link_aggregation group_id 2 master_port 5
port 5-8 state enabled -
- ????????? ??? ?????? 1-8 ???????? ????? ??????.
- config lacp_port 1-8 mode active
-
- ????????? ???????????? 2 ? 3
- (?? ?????? 1-4 ???? ???????????? ????????
????????????????) - create link_aggregation group_id 1 type lacp
- config link_aggregation algorithm mac_source
105???????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ??
?????????
106Port Security (???????????? ?? ?????? ??????)
107Port Security
???????????? ?? ?????? ?????? (Port Security)
??????? Port Security ? ???????????? D-Link
????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????,
??????? ????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ?????.
????? ????, ??? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?
???? ?????? ?????????????????? ???????????
??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????
?????? ETTH/ ETTB ? ???????? ??????
??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ??
??????? ?????????? ??????????? !!
108Port Security
- ?????? ?????? ??????? Port Security
- ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? Port
Security - Permanent (??????????) ?????????? ? ???????
?????????? ???-?????? ??????? ?? ??????????, ????
???? ??????? ?????, ????????????? ???????? FDB
Aging Time ??? ?????????? ??? ????????????. - Delete on Timeout (??????? ?? ????????? ???????)
?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???-??????
???????? ????? ????????? ???????, ??????????????
???????? FDB Aging Time ? ????? ???????. - Delete on Reset (??????? ??? ?????? ????????)
?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???-?????? ?????
??????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? (????
????? ???????????? ?? ?????????).
109Port Security
- ????????? ??????? Port Security
- ?? ?????? 1-3 ???????????? ??????????? ?????????
??????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????
????????????? ?????? 2. ???-?????? ????????????
????????????? ????????? ???????????. ????? ??????
??????? - Delete on Timeout. - config port_security ports 1-3 admin_state
enabled max_learning_addr 2 lock_address_mode
DeleteOnTimeout - ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ???????
??????? - show port_security
- ???? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ?????????
????????? SNMP Trap ??? ???????? ?????? ?
Log-????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????????
???????????? ? ????? ???????????, ?????????????
????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?
??????? ??????? - enable port_security trap_log
110Port Security (??????)
?????? ???????????????????? ?? ????? MAC-??????
?? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ????
??????????
- ???????? Port Security ?? ??????, ? ??????????
Max. Learning Addresses 0 ??? ??????, ??
??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? - ???????? ?????? MAC-?????? ? ??????????? ???????
MAC-???????.
MAC 8 MAC 9 MAC 10
MAC 5 MAC 6 MAC 7
MAC 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4
???????
111Port Security
- ????????? ??????? Port Security
- ????????? ??????? Port Security ????? ?????????
????????? ???????????? ???????? ???-???????
?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????. ? ????
?????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ??
????????????, ???-?????? ??????? ??????? ?
??????????? ??????? ??????????. - ????????? ???????????
- ?????????????? ??????? Port Security ??
??????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ????????
???-??????? (???????? max_learning_addr
?????????? ?????? 0). - config port_security ports 1-24 admin_state
enabled max_learning_addr 0 - ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ???-???????
(??? VLAN ? ??????? default). - create fdb default 00-50-ba-00-00-01 port 2
- create fdb default 00-50-ba-00-00-02 port 2
- create fdb default 00-50-ba-00-00-03 port 2
- create fdb default 00-50-ba-00-00-04 port 2
- create fdb default 00-50-ba-00-00-05 port 8
- ....... (?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????)
112??????? ?????????? ? ???????????
113????????? ????????? ???????????
- ???????? ?????????? ?????????????
- ? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????
????????? - Web-????????? ??????????
- ????????? ????????? ?????? (Command Line
Interface, CLI) - Telnet
- SNMP-??????????.
-
114????????? ????????? ???????????
?????? ?????????? IP-?????? ????????????
?????????? ?? ??????????? DES-3528
DES-3528config ipif System ipaddress
192.168.100.240/24 Command config ipif System
ipaddress 192.168.100.240/24 Success.
????????? ???????????? ????????? IP-??????
??????????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? show ipif
115????????? ????????? ???????????
??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????
?????????? ?????? ???????????. ??? ?????????
?????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? D-Link
???????????? ??????? config ports ??????
????????????? ???????
DES-3528config ports 1-3 speed 10_full learning
enable state enable flow_control enable Command
config ports 1-3 speed 10_full learning enable
state enable flow_control enable Success
????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?
??????? ??????? show ports lt?????? ??????gt
116????????? ????????? ???????????
??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? 4.
?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?
????????????????? ?????? NVRAM. ????????
???????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????? SDRAM.
??? ?????????? ???????, ????????????, ???????? ?
???? ??????, ????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????