Potential Versus Kinetic Energy

1
Potential Versus Kinetic Energy

• Potential Energy
• Energy of position
• Stored in chemical bonds

• Kinetic Energy
• Energy of motion
• Released when chemical bonds are broken

2
Plankton versus Nekton

• Nekton
• Strong swimmers
• Can swim against the currents

• Plankton
• Weak swimmers
• Ride the ocean currents

3
Plankton
Arrow worm
Copepod
Cyanobacteria (P/S)
Fish eggs
4
Phytoplankton What are they?
Organisms in the water column that are capable
of photosynthesis
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms

• Important Primary Producers

• Red Tides

5
Zooplankton
Chaetognaths or arrow worms
Copepods
6
Zooplankton
Cnidarians True Jellyfish
7
Water or H2O

• Hydrogen Bonds?
• Weak attraction between polar molecules

8
Liquid Water versus Water Vapor

• As temperature increases the rate of molecular
  movement?

increases
9
Density of Water
Weight Volume
Density

Warm Water
Cold Water The same number of
molecules. The molecules are closer together and
occupy less space.
10
Density Weight Volume

• The number of water molecules in A and B is the
  same.
• The weight of A and B are the same
• Which is denser, A or B? Why?

Warm Water
Warm Water
Cold Water
B
A
B or the cold water is denser since it weighs
the same A but the molecules occupy less space
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Factors That Effect Density

• As temperature increases, density?
• As salinity increases, density increases (due to
  the addition of more dissolved material)

decreases
12
The Pycnocline

• A zone of rapidly changing ?

Density
13
The Thermocline

• A zone of?
• Note there is no thermocline at high latitudes
  since the surface water remains cold year round

Rapidly changing temperature
14
Thermocline Pycnocline
15
The Three-Layered Ocean
Add the arrows in your diagram
Thermocline
Warm thin surface layer
The main thermocline is in the intermediate layer
16
Solution Solute Solvent

• Solute ?
• Solvent ?
• Water The Universal Solvent

Stuff to be dissolved
What you dissolve stuff in

• What is the percentage of
• Solute in
• Solution A?
• Solution B?
• What is the percentage of
• Solvent in
• Solution A?
• 2. Solution B?

10
20
90
80
17
The Earth Rotates to the East

• One revolution every?
• The Earth is widest at
• Water at the equator appears to flow west

24 hours
The equator
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The Coriolis Effect

• Northern Hemisphere
• Objects deflected to the?
• Southern Hemisphere
• Objects deflected to the?

right of their intended direction
left of their indented direction
Hot air rises Cold air sinks
19
Earth Moon Forces

• Gravity
• Centrifugal force
• Opposite of gravity

Pulls ocean toward moon
Pushes water away from moon
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Mixed semidiurnal
Semidiurnal
Diurnal