World War I

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World War I

• 23.1
• Chapter 23
• Section 1

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Underlying Causes

• Nationalism
• Devotion and loyalty to ones country
• Rivalries
• Needed to be biggest nation, most colonies,
  biggest empire
• Alliance-promise to defend if any were attacked
• Armies
• Build large armies with modern weapons
• Showed strength threatened enemies

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Spark for War

• 1914- Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia
• June 28, 1914- Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his
  wife killed by Serbian nationalist
• Austria-Hungary declares war

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Allies Central

• France
• Great Britain
• Russia

• Austria- Hungary
• Germany
• Ottoman Empire

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Fighting Began

• Germany struck first
• Attacked Belgium and France
• France and Britain forces stop Germany before
  they reach Paris

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• Trench warfare
• Deep ditches from which soldiers defended their
  positions
• Cost millions die
• Stalemate for next 3 years

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1916 Battle of the Somme
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Germanys New Weapon

• The submarine
• Used to block the English from receiving food and
  supplies
• United States warn Germany do not attack unarmed
  ships.
• Germans ignore warning.
• America enters the war in April 1917.

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Lusitania

• Germans Attack

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Allies Victory

• American forces gave Allies fresh advantage
• Germans tried new attack in France
• U.S. and Allies stopped it AND pushed them out of
  France
• Other Central Powers suffered defeats
• Fighting occurred in Africa and Asia
• By November 1918 Central Powers had collapsed.

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Treaty of Versailles

• Met in Versailles, France to determine peace
  conditions.

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League of Nations

• Proposed by American President Woodrow Wilson
• Plan to prevent future wars
• Organization where countries would try to solve
  their problems peacefully.

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Allies Redraw World Map

• Took land from Russia and Germany
• Broke up Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
• Formed seven new countries

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Blamed Germany

• Treaty forced Germany to accept blame
• Forced Germany to slash the size of their Army
• Forced Germany to give up their colonies
• Forced Germany to pay for war damage.

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Set the stage

• Treaty set the stage for future conflict
• Germans thought treaty was too harsh
• Not everybody got their own nation
• Nations resented losing land

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Russian Revolution

• Problems and anger reached boiling point
• Poverty, food shortages, heavy loss in war
• turned people against government
• Russia czar, or ruler, gave up power

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• New government
• Communism- economic and political system which
  government owns all businesses and controls the
  economy.
• New leader- Vladimir Lenin
• 1st communist state November 1917
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR
• Or Soviet Union

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