Middle East

1
Middle East from WWII and beyond
2
The Mandate
This conflict begins after WWI, when the Ottoman
Empire lost control of the Middle East. The land
was divided and European countries were given
mandate, or control, of the region.
3
The Holocaust
Jewish immigration to the Middle East was
steadily growing because of Zionism. After WWII
and the uncovering of the Holocaust, the Zionist
movement gained more support to create a Jewish
homeland.
4
The Partition
In 1947, the United Nations announced a plan to
divide Palestine into an Arab and Jewish state.
Jews agreed, but Arabs vowed to do anything
needed to prevent the U.N. plan from being
carried out.
5
The State of Israel
The Jews were outnumbered in Palestine, but their
armies were much more advanced because of
involvement in WWII. Despite the bloodshed, the
State of Israel was created on May 14, 1948. 12
hours later the Arab countries attacked
David Ben-Gurion leader of Zionism movement and
first prime minister of Israel
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Arab-Israeli War
That night, a combined Arab force of Egyptians,
Iraqis, Jordanians, Syrians, Lebanese, Saudi, and
Yemeni troops attacked. The Arab-Israeli War or
Israeli War for Independence lasted for 8 months,
during which time the Jews not only defended
their land, but expanded the territory to include
most of the lands the Palestinians had been
offered and rejected.
7
Arab-Israeli War Results
Before 1948
UN1948
Armistice 1949
2000
8
The Refugee Camps
The land Palestine lost was divided among their
Arab neighbors, leaving Palestine with nothing.
This created over 780,000 refugees who were
displaced. Many of them left Israel, but some
had nowhere to go and ended up in refugee camps
along Arab borders.
The situation in camps like these is a breeding
ground for terrorism.
9
Suez War
Although Israel became a member of the United
Nations, many Arab countries refused to
recognize its existence. Skirmishes resulted,
including the Suez War of 1956 between Israel and
Egypt.
10
Six Day War
The Six Day War of 1967 was a sweeping victory
for the Israelis. They overran the enemies,
gaining control of the Sinai Peninsula and the
City of Jerusalem, which is sacred to both
Muslims and Jews.
Nasser (Egyptian leader) tried to close the
straits of Tiran and proclaimed the Arab people
want to fight
11
Munich Olympic Games - 1972
Terrorist attacks were intended to avenge the
victory, including the 1972 murders of 11 Israeli
athletes at the Munich Olympic Games.
12
Yom Kippur War - 1973
In 1973, Egypt and Syria carried out an attack on
Israel during Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the
Jewish calendar. This time, the Arabs were
better prepared with weapons from the Soviet
Union. The Israelis were able to hold off the
Arabs, but the Yom Kippur War was an important
step to the peace process. Israel realizes its
not invincible
13
Camp David Accords
President Jimmy Carter became involved in the
peace process by arranging a meeting between
Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of
Israel. They signed a treaty agreeing that
Israel would return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt
in exchange for recognition of Israel as a
country.
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The First Treaty Fails
Despite the treaty, terrorism continued. Anwar
Sadat was assassinated by Muslim extremists for
agreeing to acknowledge Israel. Israel invaded
Lebanon in 1982, in search of terrorists hiding
out in the country.
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Sadat assassinated
Vice President Hosni Mubarak takes over
Arab Spring 2011
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Intifada Uprising
In the 1980s Palestinians began the Intifada, or
war of sticks and stones. Israeli soldiers did
not know how to react to the Palestinian
civilians without looking like bullies.
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DeathA Part of Life?
The 1990s showed little improvement to the
situation. Israeli extremists were responsible
for the Hebron Massacre where 29 Palestinians
were killed at a mosque. Another Jewish
extremist, angered by peace efforts, assassinated
Prime Minister Yitzak Rabin. Palestinian
terrorism is also common. Suicide bombings by
Palestinian groups attack both civilian and
military targets.
18
Is there still hope for peace in Israel?