Smoking Patterns among Chinese Rural-Urban Migrant Workers ??????????

1
Smoking Patterns among Chinese Rural-Urban
Migrant Workers ??????????

• Tingzhong Yang
• Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang
  University School of Medicine

2
Objective

• To estimate smoking prevalence and identify
  correlates of smoking initiation among
  rural-urban migrant workers.?????????

3
Significance

• 1.Avaluete smoking trend in period of migrant
• 2. Tailed management measures in considering no
  smoking policy.

4
Theories and hypothesizes

1. Stress relief theory.
2. Yin-Yang theory

5

• by rapid modernization and industrialization,
  there is massive rural-to-urban migration. The
  number is 160 million in 2010, which will
  represent approximately 25 of the Chinese
  working population(National Bureau of Statistics
  of China,2011).???????
• We hypothesize that this population may be
  highly susceptible to tobacco use for a number of
  reasons.
• Mainly related to adaptation to urban life and
  unstable living situations , may trigger smoking
  among the migrantsNiaura R,2002 Baluja KF,2003
  Yang T,2007)and Yin-Yang problem.?????????

6
Methods

• A multi-stage cluster sampling procedure was to
  select our subjectsChen X, Prev Med, 2004)Yang
  T, Social Behavior and Personality,2006). ?????
• In Stage 1, we selected three cities Chengdu,
  Shanghai, and Beijing. ????
• In Stage 2, we obtained a composite sample by
  occupational cluster and worksite, which Three
  types of worksites and subsets were used,(1)
  factory site (2) construction sites 3) service
  sites .??????????
• In Stage 3, we selected as eligible participants
  rural-urban migrant workers who were aged 18
  years or older.

7
Data collection

• Data were collected by trained interviewers
  through face-to-face interviews in the households
  of participants. ?????
• Pre-migration smoking status was assessed
  retrospectively, which was tested to be valid.
• Nicotine Dependence assessed using Mandarin
  Chinese Version of the Fagerström Test for
  Nicotine Dependence (CFTND) Yang and Saul ,
  Nicotine Tob Res,2011.?????

8
Results

• A total of 4,198 migrant workers participated
  in our survey.
• Overall smoking prevalence was higher
  subsequent to migration (28.4) than prior
  (20.6) (plt0.01).???????
• The total CFND score for all current daily
  smokers was 3.39( SD 2.32) .???????

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• Both post-migration prevalence of overall smoking
  and occasional smoking exceeded pre-migration
  figures (Table 1).???????
• Smoking initiation during the migration period
  varied by sociodemographic and migrant
  characteristics of participants (Table 2).??????
• The results of the MANOVA analyses of CFTND
  scores among daily smokers(Table 3).????

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• Smoking initiation situations for smokers(Table4)
  ??????
• migrant smoking prevalence table.doc

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Discussion

• Our study shows that smoking prevalence increased
  among rural-urban migrant workers pursuant to
  their city migration. This due to solitude,
  stress, and higher income, the migrants are at
  excess risk of becoming smokers, whether daily or
  occasional(Niaura R, Addict Behav,2002 Baluja
  KF, Am J Public Health,2003 Yang T, Health
  Behavior Theory and Research,2007).

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• First migration, length of migration, and number
  of cities ever lived were associated
• with nicotine dependence.
• Smoking behavior among rural-urban migrant can
  be interpreted by stress relief and Yin-Yang
  theory. Smoking means Yin and Yang are out of
  balance(excess of Yin) among rural-urban migrant.
  ?????????

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Policy application

• Regulate relationship between Yin and Yang.
  Build community worknet to make them to social
  participant. Provide social support and
• emotional support, and service (Yang T,
  Community mental health journal,2011). Orginize
  social activities in work unit.
• ??????
• Tailed education and management measures
  target rural-urban migrants in

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• considering no smoking public place and work
  setting policy.
• (Often smoking rate in banning public place in
  Hangzhou 0.0, 0.0, 2.4 , 7.0 ,and 2.6 in
  managers and clerks, professionals, Commerce and
  service, technical and operations workers, and
  retired).????????

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• ?????????????????
• Thank You