TYPES OF EVIDENCE

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CHAPTER 2

• TYPES OF EVIDENCE

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WRITE ALL THE WORDS YOU CAN REMEMBER AND IF
POSSIBLE IN THE CORRECT ORDER
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WRITE ALL THE WORDS YOU CAN REMEMBER AND IF
POSSIBLE IN THE CORRECT ORDER
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• __________________ something that tends to
  establish or disprove a fact
• Ex documents, testimony other objects
• 2 types of Evidence
• ____________________ statement made under oath
• ______________ any object or material relevant
  in a crime.

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• Testimonial or Direct Evidence
• _________________ accounts provide important
  evidence can lead to an arrest
• ____________ can be easily _________________ by
  eyewitness identification
• Accuracy of eyewitnesses
• ________________ ______________________ at
  crime scene
• ___________________________ errors
• ____________________ passing between crime
  questioning of witness
• __________________________ affects memory
• ____________________________ techniques
• __________ known cases of an innocent person
  being convicted happened because of a
  _________________ eyewitness identification

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• Physical evidence
• Forensic scientist looks at evidence determines
  its ___________________ __________________.
• Determines both
• _________________________
• Ex color, density, solubility, hardness
  refractive index
• ______________ properties can be observed when
  the object or substance changes its chemical
  composition or reacts with other chemicals
• Ex bubbles, color change, pH change, or
  precipitate
• Origin of evidence needs to be determined by
  __________ the substance or object with something
  similar or the same from a _______________ origin

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• _______________ evidence temporary
• Usually observed by the __ officer on the science
  must be recorded at that time.
• Ex _________________
• ____________________ of coffee pot, car hood,
  etc.
• _______________ indentations like footprints,
  fingerprints, etc.
• ________________ Evidence produced by a
  specific action or event at the scene must be
  observed recorded
• Ex doors locked or unlocked

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• ______________ evidence does ___________ prove
  a fact
• __________________ evidence _________ a fact or
  event without actually proving it.
• ________ circumstantial evidence gathered more
  ______ it carries
• Probability statistics are used with
  circumstantial evidence to __________ the pool of
  suspects

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• Read Case Study 2.1 Coral Eugene Watts
• Read Case Study 2.2 Ronald Cotton
• What type of evidence did the courts have?
• Mark the evidence as testimonial or physical.
• Was the police sketch accurate?
• Conviction correct/incorrect? Why?

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• CRIMINALS
• You will be divided up into groups (3-5 per
  group) to perform a crime skit.
• Skits should be about 5 minutes long include
• Crime
• Setting
• Victim
• Perpetrator
• Dialogue
• Write your skit, assign roles, gather props (HW)
• Tomorrow rehearse skit, time skit, perform
  skit

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• WITNESSING A CRIME SKIT
• Clear your desk simple witness the crime skit

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• Value of physical evidence
• Can _______________ that a crime has been
  committed sets the scene for investigation
• Ex broken glass paint left on/by a building
• Can _____________or ________________ a witness
  testimony
• Ex DNA testing
• _______ suspect victim at a _______ scene
• Ex hit run accident
• _______________________ of criminals
• Ex Fingerprints
• Allows investigators to _________________ a crime
• Ex blood spatter

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• Forensic scientists job
• Receive physical evidence from police or crime
  scene investigators for ________________
• Determine connections between the evidence,
  victim, crime scene suspect
• Methods
• Comparing questioned/__________ samples (Q) to
  ______________ sample (K)
• Ex paint found at scene comparing it to a car
  of the suspect
• ____________ sample is a sample that is expected
  to respond in a particular way is used to
  _________________ the testing to those of the
  questioned known samples.

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• _______________ Evidence the ______ type of
  evidence because it can be linked to a unique,
  single, specific source.
• Ex fingerprints, handwriting, DNA
• ______________ evidence most common type of
  evidence has characteristics common to a group
  of similar objects or group but not a single
  object.
• Ex blue jeans

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• Read pgs. 43 44
• Working with your desk partner use probability
  class evidence to determine what percent of Avon
  students would fit this description. Use 2700
  students for the school population.
• Blue jeans
• Zippered hoodie
• Long blond hair
• Glasses
• Black athletic shoes

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• DISCUSSION
• Can class evidence be useful?
• Did the probative value increase as the number of
  variables increased?
• What would happen to the value of the class
  evidence if it happened on a day when students
  were wearing school colors blue jeans?

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• CASE STUDIES Read case studies 2.3 2.4 on pg.
  48 49 answer the following questions.
• Case 2.3 What other type of evidence could have
  been gathered from the notebook the note?
• Case 2.4 If you were on the jury, would you
  have accepted one one-thousandth of a human body
  sufficient amount to convict?
• Of the 4 case studies read in this chapter what
  were the 2 lucky coincidences helped lead to the
  perpetrator?
• Do you feel lucky coincidences occur in most
  cases, some cases, or hardly ever?

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• Read pg. 52
• The class will be divided into pro/con on this
  topic.
• You your partner will do the research based on
  your position.
• Each group will be writing a paper with the
  following points
• Title
• Author
• Introduction
• Pro or Con side
• Support
• Personal opinion
• Works cited