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Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

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Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks Big rocks into pebbles, Pebbles into sand. I really hold a million, million Rocks here in my hand. Florence Parry Heide – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks


1
  • Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Big rocks into pebbles, Pebbles into sand. I
really hold a million, million Rocks here in my
hand. Florence Parry Heide
Created from the scraps of old rocks
2
Sedimentary RocksTerms
  • Regolith rock and mineral fragments produced by
    weathering
  • Sediment regolith that has been transported by
    wind, water or ice
  • Soil portion of regolith that supports plant life

3
Sedimentary Rocks Characteristics
  • Loose, solid particles
  • sediments
  • Unconsolidated
  • Classified based on size of individual fragments

4
Four Fundamental Components of Sedimentary Rocks
  1. Grains/Clasts sand, gravel or fossils
  2. Matrix fine grained clay-sized sediment
  3. Cement chemically precipitated mineral material
  4. Porosity space with no mineral matter

Cement
Clasts, matrix and iron oxide cement (reddish
brown colour)
5
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
  • 2 main types of sedimentary rocks (based on
    composition)
  • Clastic
  • Inorganic sediments
  • rocks made up of broken and worn particles of
    rocks and minerals
  • Non-Clastic
  • Organic sediments
  • sediment precipitates from solution in water
    originating from chemical and organic processes

Breccia
Chert from Will County, Illinois
6
Characteristics of Clastic Sediment
  • Clastic sediment is divided into four main size
    classes (based on texture as well)
  • Gravel
  • Sand
  • Silt
  • Clay


Bedrock outcrop
River gravel
Beach sand
Clayey silt
Marine clay
7
Properties of Clastic Sedimentary Rock
  • Processes
  • Lithification / Diagenisis
  • Compaction
  • Pressure from recent, overlying sediment
  • Cementation
  • Hardening
  • Stratification
  • Layering

8
How Clastic Sedimentary Rock Form
  • Clastic sedimentary rocks originate because of
  • Weathering
  • Erosion/Transportation
  • Deposition/Burial
  • Lithification / Diagenesis

9
Weathering
  • Destroying rock

The rocks that make high ridges are much more
resistant to weathering than the surrounding
rocks
10
Erosion and Transport
  • Sediments on the move

This stream carries sediment that has weathered
from nearby mountains at Polychrome Pass, Alaska
11
Deposition/Burial
  • Sediments settling down

These pebbles were deposited in a stream that
once flowed over this area in Indiana, USA
thousands of years ago. Now they are part of a
clastic sedimentary rock called conglomerate
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