Development

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Development
Physical Cognitive Moral Social
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Human Development Major Issues

• Nature/Nurture
• Genes/Environment
• Continuity/Discontinuity
• Stage Theorists Piaget, Kohlberg, Erikson
• Stability/Change
• Born Outgoing, Always Outgoing?

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Prenatal Development

• 1 cell becomes billions!

Zygote (germinal) Embryo Fetus
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Teratogens

• Congenital Infections
• -HIV, Rubella, Syphilis
• Chemicals, Drugs and Medications
• -Alcohol, Street Drugs, Cigarettes
• Physical Agents
• -X-Ray

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Early Development
Zygote moves from fallopian tubes to uterus
36 hours after conception
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Principles of Human Development Cephalocaudal
Head to TailProximodistal Center Out
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• Menstrual Cycle Stops
• Day 21 Hearbeat
• Spinal Cord grows fast-tail like

4 Weeks
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Major Organs Form
Week 7
Facial Features Form Embryo is reactive to
environment Week 8
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Weeks 9-12
Heart rate can be heard Face well formed, eyes
close until 28th week Fetus can make a fist
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13-16 Weeks Brain more developed Fetus feels
pain Suck, swallow, irregular breathing
sounds Transparent skin Bones become harder Kicks
and somersaults
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20 Weeks
Quickening Recognize Mothers
voice Lanugo Sex Organs visible on Ultra
Sound Finger and Toe Nails Appear xx-female xy-mal
e
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24-28 Weeks
Vernix Covers Skin Practice Breathing Fetus has
startle reflex Eyes Open/Close Prints are
forming 90 survival rate
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Body Fat SLEEP! 95 Survival Rate
Weeks 29 32
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38-40 Weeks
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Infancy Physical Development

• Reflexes born with many reflexes to help them
  survive

Babinski Reflex
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Videos of Infant Reflexes

• Swimming Reflex
• Swimming Baby
• Infant Reflexes
• Moro Reflex

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Infancy Physical Development

• Growth rate declines throughout infancy but is
  faster than during any other postnatal period.
• Neural pathways strengthened and weakened.
• Brain plasticity best when young
• Motor development Nature Nurture
• Maturation

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Infancy Motor Development

• LIFT HEAD
• ROLL OVER
• SIT PROPPED UP
• SIT WITHOUT SUPPORT
• BEGINS TO STAND WHILE HOLDING ON TO THINGS FOR
  SUPPORT
• BEGIN TO WALK WITH SUPPORT
• MOMENTARILY STAND ON OWN W/O SUPPORT
• STAND ALONE WITH MORE CONFIDENCE
• BEGIN WALKING W/O SUPPORT

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