Reading Recovery: The Early Intervention Safety Net

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Reading RecoveryThe Early Intervention Safety
Net
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What Do You Know About RR?
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Georgia State University Atkinson County Atlanta Public Schools Bacon County Banks County Charlton County Clinch County Cobb County Coffee County Dalton County Dawson County Decatur City DeKalb County Effingham County Elbert County Gwinnett County Habersham County Hart County Evans County Houston County Lee County Pierce County Stephens County Tift County Towns County Valdosta City Ware County Wayne County White County
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Total teachers trained at GSU Fall 1991
Spring 2008 - 1,127 Total teacher leaders
trained at GSU Fall 1991 Spring 2008 - 65
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Georgia State University Reading Recovery
Program Georgia 1991 - 2008 FACT SHEET
Year School Systems School Buildings RR Teachers Teacher Leaders In-Training Teacher Leaders Full Program Children Graduated Children
1991-92 1 8 9 - 2 47 40
1992-93 1 19 28 12 11 175 140
1993-94 7 69 119 14 3 590 469
1994-95 10 92 192 16 3 1,011 791
1995-96 16 117 241 22 4 1,351 1,109
1996-97 22 170 324 24 4 1,829 1,521
1997-98 32 223 405 34 3 2,432 1,978
1998-99 32 233 428 24 - 2,744 2,197
1999-00 32  194 391 21 4 2,651 2,028
2000-01 32 187 371 23 - 2,434 1,912
2001-02 29 186 370 20 4 2,546 2,014
2002-03 32 187 398 19 - 3,612 2,775
2003-04 27 168 356 17 1 2,515 1,999
2004-05 26 146 307 15 2 2,211 1,777
2005-06 31 169 329 16 5 2,306 1,862
2006-07 30 141 314 17 - 2,240 1,729
2007-08 23 144 328 14 - 2,461 1,984
        TOTAL 46 33,155 26,325
Children who had 60 or more lessons. Gradu
ation rate 79.5 Full
program children who reached the average level of
their class and were released from the program
needing no additional help
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Georgia State University affiliated sites outside
of Georgia Tennessee
Anderson County Athens City Campbell County Johnson City Knox County Oak Ridge Rhea County Scott County
Bermuda
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Georgia State University Reading Recovery
Program All Affiliated Sites (GA, TN, FL),
1991-2008 FACT SHEET
Year School Systems School Buildings RR Teachers Teacher Leaders In-Training Teacher Leaders Full Program Children Graduated Children
1991-92 1 8 9 - 2 47 40
1992-93 1 19 28 12 11 175 140
1993-94 7 69 119 14 4 590 469
1994-95 10 92 192 16 3 1,011 791
1995-96 26 149 297 25 6 1,644 1,364
1996-97 41 238 436 29 6 2,497 2,106
1997-98 51 296 526 39 8 3,169 2,630
1998-99 56 348 606 33 - 3,853 3,040
1999-00 57 318 608 30 4 4,217 3,248
2000-01 57 327 624 31 - 5,719 3,274
2001-02 53 292 548 29 7 3,854 3,074
2002-03 52 287 574 27 - 5,235 3,206
2003-04 42 251 525 24 1 3,631 2,792
2004-05 38 199 404 20 2 2,941 2,318
2005-06 38 215 426 21 7 3,024 2,382
2006-07 32 194 414 22 - 2,912 2,202
2007-08 32 195 420 21 5 3,150 2,463
Total 66 47,669 35,539
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What RR Is and Is NotIs Is not

• One-one one individual teaching
• Provided by specially trained, certified teachers
• On-going professional development for teachers
• Adopted as a school initiative by the school
  staff
• Supplementary to good classroom teaching
• For first-grade, lowest-achieving readers only
• Data-driven teaching to continuously monitor
  childrens progress
• A short-term early intervention that prevents
  further difficulties in literacy
• A long-term school commitment for
  lowest-achieving first graders

• Group instruction
• Delivered by volunteers or paraprofessionals
• A program to buy put in place for teachers
• One person's mandated program
• The only literacy instruction the child receives
• A program to improve literacy in all grades
• A program that labels children via extended
  testing for disabilities
• A long-term service for children
• A quick fix

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The Impact ofReading Recovery

• Bridges the Achievement Gap.
• Significant differences in low achievers.
• Cost Effective.

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• Do Reading Recovery students close the literacy
  achievement gap? .Yes!!
• White students continue to outperform African
  American students on literacy measures.
• When compared to the progress of students in the
  random sample, Reading Recovery students are
  closing this gap.

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RR reduces the gap

• Across racial/ethnic groups
• Between low and average readers
• Across income groups
• Between English speakers and English language
  learners.

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Cost Effectiveness of Reading Recovery

• What is the cost of other programs that target
  the same student population seek to achieve the
  same results?
• Both long-term short term benefits must be
  considered when examining cost effectiveness.
• One-to-one instruction is the only way for some
  children to become literate.

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Intervention or Supplement Additional Per-Pupil Cost for One Year Average Time in Program Total Per-Pupil Cost for Five Years
Retention 9,500 1 year 9,500
Title l 2,000 5 years 10,000
Special Education 4,500 1,000 Initial evaluation 5 years 23,500
Reading Recovery 3,480 for all served 5,354 for discontinued 12 to 20 weeks 3,480 5,354
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Intervention Average Number of Students Served 2004-2005 Average Salary Benefits 2005-2006 Yearly Cost per Student Served
Reading Recovery Only (Retired or Part-time Teacher ½ time, No Benefits) 8.3 25,009 3,013
Reading Recovery Portion of a Full-time Teachers Responsibility 8.3 32,511 3,917
Reading Recovery plus Other Role (ex. Title l or EIP) 37.3 65,022 1,743
Title l/EIP Reading Teacher (Pull-out or augmented 66 students fund 1 EIP teacher) 66 65,022 985
Self-Contained EIP First Grade 11 to 14 65,022 4,644
Retention 7,722
NCLB Supplemental Services (after school tutoring) 1,408
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Reading RecoveryCost Effective

• 0.5 FTE
• Comparison by effect

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RR is the only intervention program to receive
the highest ranking for evidence of success by
the What Works Clearing House (WWC).
Clifford I. Johnson
Georgia State University
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Clifford I. Johnson
Georgia State University
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Two Positive Outcomes of Reading Recovery for
Children


Children are referred appropriately for further
long-term support
Children reach average levels of text reading for
their class
Clifford I. Johnson
Georgia State University
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Reading Recovery can be a significant part of a
comprehensive school-wide literacy program
Clifford I. Johnson
Georgia State University
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Why?

• Some children require individual literacy
  lessons.
• Struggling children deserve the gold standard
  which is individual literacy lessons.
• RR provides short-term accelerated learning which
  enables struggling children to catch up with
  their peers.
• RR provides the safety net against crippling
  literacy problems.

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RR teachers can play a major role in Tier 1, 2
3 if their expertise is employed as needed.
Clifford I. Johnson
Georgia State University
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Tier 1
She can provide differentiated instruction to a
small group in her classroom using her expertise
as a RR teacher.
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Tier 2
She can provide 11 RR to first graders in an RR
setting.
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Tier 3
She can serve on the SST team to assist with IEPs.
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• No other program has ever come close to
  achieving the results demonstrated by Reading
  Recovery.
• Cunningham, P.M. and Allington, R.L.
• Classrooms That Work.
• 1994, New York Harper Collins.

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Case Study
Muscogee County Columbus, Georgia
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CRCT Study
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How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the Gap?
Results of Study Struggling Learners Grade 4

• Percent Percent
• Did not achieve Achieved or
• Group Expectation Exceeded
  Expectation
• Comparison 24 76
• RR - Recommended 16 84
• RR Discontinued 13 87
• There was no statistically significant difference
  between the Comparison
• group and RR Recommended. Greater percentages
  of the RR
• Discontinued achieved or exceeded expectation.

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How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the Gap?
Results of Study Struggling Learners Grade 3

• Percent Percent
• Group Did not achieve Achieved or
• Expectation Exceeded Expectation
• Comparison 14 86
• RR - Recommended 28 72
• RR Discontinued 13 87
• There was no statistically significant difference
  between the Comparison
• group and RR Discontinued.

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How Much Will It Cost?

• Training Model for South-Georgia
• Single site
• Consortia
• Training Costs
• Tuition for academic credit
• Transporting children/teachers
• Materials
• Travel for training
• Affiliation Costs
• Apprentice model in which TLs RRTs will be
  working within their own school systems during
  training.

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How Much Will It Cost?Training Year

• Teacher Leader Training Year
• Tuition/Student fees 6,122
• Lab Fees 4,500
• Professional Books 1,200
• Children's Books and Supplies
  2,250
• Travel (teacher/transporting Children) and
  Conferences 4,000
• Subtotal for each Teacher Leader in training
  17,572
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• Subtotal does not include salary and benefits
  for teacher
• costs for behind the glass or tuition increase.

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How Much Will It Cost?Accreditation and
Subsequent Years

• Accreditation Year (Field Year following training
  year)
• Site affiliation fee 2000 (includes one site
  visit)
• Additional Site Visit 800
• Professional Development fee 200 (per
  Teacher Leader)
• Subsequent Years
• Site affiliation fee 2000 (includes one site
  visit)
• Professional Development fee 200 (per
  Teacher Leader)

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Support for Costs

• Foundation Support
• Grant writing
• Title I and other Title funds
• EIP
• RtI funds

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Reading Recovery is a bargain!

• Short-term intervention, prevention
• Effective
• Continuing progress
• Reduces retentions SPE referrals
• Highly qualified teachers teacher leaders
• Multi-tiered problem-solving literacy team