South Asia

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South Asia
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Overview

• Called Indian sub-continent
• Indian plate moving up into the Eurasian plate
• Rate of 3-4 inches per year for 1200 miles
• Himalayas on north
• Mt. Everest (highest in world 5.5 miles high!)
• Grows about 2.5 centimeters in height every year
• Desert and steppe to west
• Elevated plains on south
• Slopes downward from west to east

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• Sir George Everest was first to record height and
  location
• Sir Edmund Hillary was first to climb 1953

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Sir Edmund Hillary
Tenzing Norgay
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• Dangerous
• Summited by about 100 people per year
• Roughly 10 die each year
• About 120 corpses are still on mountain!

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• Monsoons
• Warm and rainy in summer
• gt400 inches per year
• Regular floods
• Dry and warm in winter
• Deserts are not in monsoon airflow
• Tropical climate to east and south
• Cyclones in Bay of Bengal

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Colonialism

• Trade brought Portuguese, Dutch, French British
• Looking for goods not in Europe spices
• French and British take India
• 1858 war gives subcontinent to UK
• Crown Jewel of British Empire
• 1947 UK gives India independence
• Makes Pakistan (w/Bangladesh) Muslim India
  Hindu
• 1971 Pakistan and Bangladesh split

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Colonial British India
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Release of Ceylon and Burma
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The Partition of India India and Pakistan (1947)
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Separation of Pakistan and Bangladesh (1971)
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• Regional Problems
• Overpopulation
• Little resources
• Environmental Erosion, salinization, pollution
• Nuclear arms race between India and Pak.
• Both have nukes, threaten each other
• Kashmir Control being fought over by India and
  Pakistan
• Religious fighting between Muslims and Hindus in
  western India
• Bus and train attacks hotel attacks in Mumbai

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India

• 1.1 billion people (2nd largest in world)
• 80 Hindu 14 Muslim
• ¾ live in rural villages
• ? live along Ganges River
• Former part of Britain
• Calcutta and Delhi capitals
• Mohandas Gandhi Hindu leader
• Non-violent resistance help end British rule
• Mother Teresa

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• British Influence
• Built railroads, roads, ports
• English official language of government and
  business
• Lots of trade with West
• Separation of Muslims and Hindus
• Strange fact India is the worlds leader in
  movie production
• Bollywood!

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• Caste System
• Formal organization of society
• 4 levels
• Brahmin religious leaders
• Kshatriyas military officers, government,
  scholars
• Vaishyas businessmen, farmers, merchants
• Sudras laborers, peasants
• Untouchables subclass of Sudras unclean, did
  dirty work no one can interact with them
• Everyone is born into a caste based on past life
  nearly impossible to move out
• Technically illegal in India still used in rural
  areas

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Pakistan

• Created in 1947
• Britain divided greater India into 2 countries to
  separate the Muslims and Hindus
• India Hindu
• West Pakistan Muslim
• East Pakistan Muslim (now Bangladesh)
• Mountains on north K2 (second tallest)
• Large deserts in west and east
• Indus River Valley water from mountains

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Release of Ceylon and Burma
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The Partition of India India and Pakistan (1947)
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Separation of Pakistan and Bangladesh (1971)
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• People
• Government and laws based on Islamic law
• Has had a lot of political and economic
  instability over the past several decades
• Helping US with war on terror
• Arresting and holding al-Qaeda
• Try to stop escape through passes

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• Population 164 million
• ¼ live in cities
• 95 Muslim (second largest Muslim country)
• Many languages (including English)
• Very fast growing population
• Kashmir Region
• Pakistan wanted control after 1947
• Populated mainly by Hindus from India
• Caused lots of fighting between Muslims and Hindus

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Nepal

• Constitutional monarchy
• Problems with Maoist rebels
• Mainly Hindu and Buddhist
• Only official Hindu state in the world
• Home to Mt. Everest
• Brings in tourism from climbers
• Problems
• Pollution
• Harm mountains ecosystem/environment
• Sherpas are Nepalese expert climbers who lead
  expeditions up Everest

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• Current problem
• Maoists from China attacking government
  structure, wanting to bring down monarchy and
  democratic government
• Want to install a Communist republic
• 2001 10 members of royal family killed in by
  crown prince
• Kings brother now king
• 2005 Suspended parliament and elections
  cease-fire declared with Maoists
• 2006 King gave up absolute power, reinstated
  Parliament
• VERY poor gt½ people below poverty line

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Bhutan

• Constitutional monarchy
• Tibetan Buddhist
• Very isolated from outside world
• Happy Content with their situation and
  lifestyle
• Works with India on any foreign issues
• Home to the tallest unclimbed mountain in the
  world
• Mountain climbing and smoking in public is
  banned TV broadcasts started in 1999

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Bangladesh

• Surrounded by India
• Islam
• Population 150 million in space size of Iowa
• 7th largest country in world
• Expected to double by 2025
• Covered by the Ganges Delta
• Floods all the time
• Very flat
• Also deal with storm surges from cyclones in Bay
  of Bengal
• 1991 20 feet high - 130,000 killed

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• Also Ferry disasters happen all the time
• Overloaded flip people drown

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Sri Lanka

• Main export Tea (1) textiles and garments
• Used to be a British colony Ceylon
• Problem
• Settled by two different ethnic groups Tamils
  and Sinhalese
• The Sinhalese are in control of the govt
• Socialist Rebel group Tamil Tigers
• Fighting over control of island
• Tamils want independence

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Maldives

• 1200 islands
• 26 atolls
• 200 islands are inhabited (80 have tourist
  resorts)
• Population 320,000
• Sunni Muslim
• Its highest point is 7.8 feet above sea level!!
• 80 is lt 3 feet above sea level
• Only 115 square miles!
• Cobb County 340 square miles

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• 10 of land is used for agriculture
• 90 of taxes came from airport duties and tourist
  related taxes
• Wacky facts
• 21,000 phones (1,290 cell phones)
• 35,000 radios (1 AM, 1 FM, 1 shortwave station)
• 10,000 TVs (1 station)
• 6,000 internet users (1 ISP .mv)
• 5 airports

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• Fighting in Ayodhya over Muslim mosque site
• Hindus want it where Rama was born
• Hindus tore it down to build a temple in 1992
• Fighting killed hundreds
• Train burned by Muslims in Feb 2002 in Ahmedabad
  killed 58 Hindus

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