The 1850s:

1
The 1850s
Road to Secession
2
Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850

• California statehood.
• Southern fire-eaters threateningsecession.
• Underground RR fugitive slave issues
• Personal liberty laws
• Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

3
Compromise of 1850

• California would be admitted as a free state
• Utah and New Mexico will decide slavery based on
  popular sovereignty
• Fugitive Slave Law
• There will be no slave trade in Washington DC but
  you could still own slaves

4
Compromise of 1850
5
HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
6
Uncle Toms Cabin 1852

• Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.
• 2 million in a decade!

7
Uncle Toms Cabin, 1852
8
Significance of Uncle Toms Cabin ??

• Showed the horrors of slavery
• Prompted Northern abolitionists to increase
  protests against the Fugitive Slave Act
• Southerners claimed the book was an exaggeration
  and full of lies
• Increased the movement against slavery

9
1852 Presidential Election
v Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield
Scott John Parker Hale
Democrat Whig
Free Soil
10
1852Election Results
11
Kansas-Nebraska Act

• In 1854 the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
  were formed.
• They were to decide the issue of slavery based on
  popular sovereignty, despite being above the
  Missouri Comp. line
• Controversial led to pro and anti slavery
  fighting in Kansas
• Resulted in the formation of the Republican Party

12
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
13
Bleeding Kansas
Border Ruffians(pro-slavery Missourians)
14
The Crime Against Kansas
Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
15
John Browns Raid

• Fierce opponent of slavery
• Led an attack on a pro-slavery town in Kansas,
  killing 5 people.
• Triggered violence between pro and anti slavery
  groups in Kansas
• Over 200 people died in what is referred to as
  Bleeding Kansas

16
John Brown Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John
Steuart Curry (20c)
17
Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

• Northern Whigs.
• Northern Democrats.
• Free-Soilers.
• Know-Nothings.
• Other miscellaneous opponents of the
  Kansas-Nebraska Act.

18
1856 Presidential Election
v James Buchanan John C. Frémont
Millard Fillmore Democrat
Republican Whig
19
1856Election Results
20
Dred Scott Case

• Scott was a slave who sued fro his freedom
  because he lived in free states at one time
• Ruling against Scott AND
• Slaves were considered property!!
• Therefore they could not sue in court
• Congress could not deny slave ownership
• Victory for Southerners

21
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
22
Lincoln Douglas Debates

• Both ran for Illinois Senate in 1858
• In a series of debates, both mens views on
  slavery were apparent
• Douglas favored popular sovereignty
• Lincoln Opposed slavery
• Douglas won the election, but Lincoln was now a
  national figure

23
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates,
1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
24
Stephen Douglas
the
Freeport Doctrine
Called for citizens out west to elect
representatives who would not enforce property
laws Made him unpopular with white southerners
25
1860PresidentialElection
v Abraham LincolnRepublican
John BellConstitutional Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat
26
1860 Election A Nation Coming Apart?!
27
1860 Presidential Election

• Republican Lincoln won the election despite
  winning no electoral votes in the South
• Southerners believed they had lost their
  political power in the South
• Question became What to do??

28
1860 Election Results
29
Confederate States of America

• Southerners believe they have no choice but to
  leave the Union
• They form the Confederate States of America
• President Jefferson Davis
• SC the first to secede with 6 other states
  following

30
Secession! SC? Dec. 20, 1860
31
Ft. Sumter Civil War Begins

• Confederates demand the Union turn over Ft Sumter
  in S.C.
• Lincoln is conflicted refuses to abandon fort
  but does not sent extra troops either
• Confederates attack fort and seize it
• Lincoln calls up troops for war
• The Civil War has begun!!!

32
Fort Sumter April 12, 1861