9.1 Introduction

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9.1Introduction

• Purpose
• What- We are going to learn about compromise
• How- by taking a final law exam on the
  Constitution
• Why- so we understand how it affects my life.

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Ch 9The Constitution A More Perfect Union

• Essential Question
• How has the Constitution created a more perfect
  Union?
• Objectives
• Identify the main features of the Constitution
  and describe the basic lawmaking process.
• Analyze how the Constitution divides powers among
  various levels and branches and preserves
  individual rights.
• Explain how the guiding principles of the
  Constitution have created a more perfect Union
  and resulted in a government that can adapt to
  changing times.

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9.1 Introduction

• Compromises
• Constitution has many compromises.
• The most important one is creating a strong
  central government that does not threaten
  individual freedoms.
• Structure
• Framers wanted the Constitution to be easy to
  read.
• The Constitution is divided into sections called
  Articles.
• Each article is split into sections
• Framework
• Strong framework with ability to add and change.
• Thy Constitution is a living document with the
  ability to change and grow.

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9.2The Preamble tells the Goals of Government

• Purpose
• What- We are going to learn about compromise
• How- read and explain the parts of the Preamble
  of the Constitution
• Why- so we understand how it affects my life.

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Ch 9.2The Constitution A More Perfect Union
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9.2The Preamble Tells the Goals of
Government

1. Preamble
2. The Preamble explains the reasons for the new
   government.
3. The Preamble to the United States Constitution is
   a brief introductory statement of the
   Constitutions fundamental purposes and guiding
   principles. It states in general terms, and
   courts have referred to it as reliable evidence
   of, the Founding Fathers intentions regarding
   the Constitution's meaning and what they hoped
   the Constitution would achieve
4. We the People
5. States that the Constitution gets its power from
   the people. That is called popular sovereignty.

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9.2The Preamble Tells the Goals of
Government

• Goals
• form a more perfect Union
• States and national government to work together.
• establish Justice
• To be ruled by laws. All people must follow.
• insure domestic Tranquility
• Keep peace at home.
• provide for the common defense
• Protect from foreign enemies
• promote the general Welfare
• Support economy and help people prosper
• secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and
  our Posterity
• Protect freedoms now and in future.

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9.3The Legislative Branch Makes Laws

• Purpose
• What- We are going to learn about compromise
• How- by understanding how power is divided
  between the three branches of government
• Why- so we understand how it affects my life.

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Vocabulary Terms

• separation of powers
• Legislative branch
• bicameral
• Congress
• House of Representatives
• Senate
• census
• apportionment
• popular vote
• bill
• veto
• override
• appropriate
• elastic clause

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9.3

• The Legislative Branch
• Each of the governments three branches has
  specific powers.
• This separation of powers keeps any one branch
  from becoming too powerful.
• Article I defines the Legislative Branch
• The Structure of Congress
• Congress controls the Legislative Branch
• Congress is bicameral or divided into two houses.
  
• Senate(upper house) 2 per state (100), 6 year
  term (no limit), must be 30, citizen for 9 years
  and resident of state you serve.
• House of Representatives (lower house) based on
  population (435), 2 year term (no limit), must be
  25, citizen for 7 years and resident of state you
  serve.
• Congress uses apportionment, or planned
  distribution, to determine how many of the 435
  representatives each state receives in the House.
  A Census is taken every ten years to count the
  population

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• How Congress Works
• Congress makes the nations laws,
• Can propose laws called a bill
• President must sign to make it a law. He can veto
  or vote no to a bill.
• Congress can cancel or override a veto by voting
  with a 2/3 majority.
• The Powers of Congress
• Spend money or appropriate money.
• Raise an army, navy
• Declare war
• Pay debts
• Grant citizenship
• Carry out other power using elastic clause.
  (Article I section 8)

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Vocabulary Terms

• Executive Branch
• President
• Vice President
• Chief Executive
• candidate
• 22nd Amendment
• native-born citizen
• commander in chief
• Ambassadors
• Executive departments
• veto
• executive order
• pardon
• cabinet
• impeach

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9.4The Executive Branch Carries Out the Laws

• Purpose
• What- We are going to learn about compromise
• How- understand how power is divided between the
  three branches of government.
• Why- so we understand how it affects my life.

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9.4The Executive Branch

• The Executive Branch Carries Out the Laws
• Powers are specified in Article II of the
  Constitution.
• Enforces the laws that Congress passes.
• The head of this branch is called President or
  Chief Executive
• Electing the President
• Elected by electors from Electoral College not
  directly by the people or popular vote.
• Has a 4 year term, elections are held every four
  years.
• 22nd Amendment limits them to 2 terms.
• Swears an oath to defend the Constitution.
• Must be at least 35 years old, a native-born
  citizen, and have lived in the U.S. for at least
  14 years.

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• The Powers of the President
• President is also commander in chief of the U.S.
  armed forces.
• President can negotiate treaties with other
  countries, must be approved by Congress.
• President nominates ambassadors and Supreme Count
  justices, must be approved by Congress.
• President can veto, or cancel, laws that Congress
  passes
• In certain cases, presidents can issue an
  executive order, which has the force of law
• President has the power to pardon, or grant
  freedom from punishment, people accused or
  convicted of crimes.
• The cabinet advises the president and consists of
  the heads (Secretaries) of each executive
  department. Departments have smaller agencies in
  them.
• Removing the President
• House of Representative can impeach, bring
  charges against, a president.
• Senate tries all impeached cases and can remove
  the president from office.

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9.5The Judicial Branch Interprets the Laws

• Purpose
• What- We are going to learn about compromise
• How- understand how power is divided between the
  three branches of government.
• Why- so we understand how it affects my life.

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Vocabulary Terms

• Judicial Branch
• unconstitutional
• district court
• appellate court
• Supreme court
• justices
• chief justice
• judicial review

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9.5 The Judicial Branch

• The Judicial Branch Interprets the Law
• The Supreme Law of the Land No other law or
  action by the government or by any state can
  conflict with the Constitution.
• Article III of the Constitution outlines the
  courts duties.
• Protecting the Constitution is principal job.
• The highest court is called the Supreme Court
• It also resolves disputes that involve national
  laws, the federal government, or the states.
• People accused of a federal crime can be tried in
  federal court.
• Federal Court System
• Congress has power to create inferior(lower)
  courts. They created district courts and
  appellate courts.
• Most case start in the district court. Those
  cases can be appealed or revived by the appellate
  court and even the Supreme Court.

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• The Powers of the Supreme Court
• Final say in any case.
• Today the Supreme Court has 9 justices or judges.
• Only cases that go directly to the Supreme Court
  are case involving a state or ambassador from
  another country.
• They review thousands of cases a year but only
  hear about a 100.
• The power to decide if laws or acts by the
  legislative and executive branches conflict with
  the Constitution is called Judicial Review.
• Appointed by President but approved by Senate no
  special requirements, term is for life
• The federal court can strike down state or
  federal laws it finds to be unconstitutional.
• Has 94 district courts and 13 courts of appeals,
  which review lower-court decisions.

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Important Questions

• What are the responsibilities of the Supreme
  Court?
• Hear appeals from court appeals
• Hear all cases involving international diplomats
  and disputes between the states

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9.6Checks and Balances

• Purpose
• What- We are going to learn about compromise
• How- by understanding how the framers of the
  Constitution try to check and balance federal
  powers
• Why- so we understand how it affects my life.

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Vocabulary Terms

• checks and balances
• checks
• balances
• amendments

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9.6Checks and Balances

• Checks and Balances Between the Branches
• To keep any one branch from dominating another
  the framers developed checks and balances. This
  limits the power of the other two branches
• Checking the Power of the Other Branches
• Checks allow one branch to block the actions of
  another.
• Congress can pass laws, president can veto,
  congress can override, supreme court has power of
  judicial review and can call the law
  unconstitutional.
• Balancing the Power of the Other Branches
• Balances allow each branch of the government to
  have some role in the action and power of the
  branches.
• President can appoint judges but congress must
  approve.

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9.7The Amendement Process

• Purpose
• What- We are going to learn about compromise
• How- by understanding how did the framers of the
  Constitution try to check and balance federal
  powers
• Why- so we understand how it affects my life.

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9.7The Amendment Process

• The Amendment Process
• In order to grow with the country the
  Constitution can be changed by adding an
  amendment.
• To give the Constitution stability or strong
  framework the framers made it very difficult.
• Changing the Constitution
• Article V describes the amendment process.
• Amendments can be proposed two ways.
• Congress may propose an amendment with a 2/3 vote
  in both houses.
• Congress can call a national convention where
  state legislatures may propose an amendment.
• There are two ways to ratify amendments
• ¾ of state legislatures may ratify or approve
• A special convention can be held where ¾ of the
  states ratify or approve.
• Once it is ratified it becomes part of the
  Constitution.
• Amendments so Far
• 10,000 amendments have been proposed, only 27
  have been ratified.
• First 10 were added immediately, called the Bill
  of Rights

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9.8The Federal System

• Purpose
• What- We are going to learn about compromise
• How- by understanding how the framers of the
  Constitution try to balance state and federal
  powers
• Why- so we understand how it affects my life.

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Vocabulary Terms

• Representative democracy
• Delegated
• Reserved
• Concurrent
• federalism

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9.8The Federal System

• The Federal System Connects the Nation and the
  States
• The United States is a representative democracy
  a government led by officials chosen by the
  people.
• The U.S. is a federal system- government which
  power is shared between the national and state
  government.
• Powers Belonging the National Government.
• Powers granted in the Constitution to the federal
  government are delegated powers.
• Declaring war, coining money, making treaties
• Powers Belonging the State Government.
• Powers kept by the state government or by the
  citizens are reserved powers.
• The Constitution does not specificity list the
  powers of the states, but it does states that
  powers not given to the national government
  belong to the states.
• Schools, marriage, establishing local
  governments, owning property, licensing doctors
  and lawyers, or most crimes.
• States must work with other states by accepting
  other state laws.
• Drivers license, legal contracts, help track
  down criminals.

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• Shared Powers
• Concurrent powers are powers shared by the
  federal and state governments. Shared Powers.
• Collect taxes, build roads, borrow money, and
  regulate education.
• Federalism is sharing of power. It is
  complicated and continues to evolve.
• The Law of the Land
• The Constitution is Supreme Law of the Land.
  This means all state constitutions, laws and
  judicial decisions must agree with the
  Constitution.
• Everyone who hold office must promise to protect
  the Constitution.

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Important Questions

• Which section of the Constitution provides
  flexibility so that the federal government can
  respond to unexpected issues and situations?
• Article I, section 8 also know as the elastic
  clause

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Vocabulary Terms

• native born citizen
• naturalized citizen or naturalization
• immigrant
• majority rule
• interest group
• community service groups
• political action committees
• draft
• subpoena

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Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
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Citizenship

• Becoming a U.S. Citizen
• Native Born- anyone born in U.S. or a territory
  it controls is a citizen.
• People born in Puerto Rico are U.S. Citizens
  because it is a territory of the U.S.
• person of foreign birth is granted full
  citizenship if parent is U.S. citizen.
• Naturalized citizen- If parent is NOT U.S.
  citizen people born in foreign countries can
  become citizens.
• person must move to U.S. and complete long
  application process.
• Immigrant person who permanently moves to new
  country.
• legal immigrants have many of same
  rights/responsibilities as U.S. citizens.
• Cannot vote or hold public office
• Immigrants who break law can be deported, or
  returned to country of origin
• Legal immigrants over 18 can petition for
  naturalization
• Must live in US for 5 yrs
• Must be able to financially support self. If
  not, must find sponsor
• Two differences between naturalized and
  native-born citizens
• Naturalized citizen can lose citizenship
• Naturalized citizen cannot become president or
  vice president
• U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
  oversees process of becoming citizen and sets
  hearing to test the persons qualifications tests
  in reading, writing, speaking English

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Responsibilities of Citizen

• Duties of Citizens to other citizens, the
  government and to ourselves
• Know and obey the laws
• Respect people in authority and to respect rights
  of others
• parents, police and teachers
• government protects children whose parents who
  dont take proper care of them
• Paying taxes
• used for public roads, police and fire departs
• property taxes, sales taxes, tariffs
• Income taxes pay certain percentage of income
  to federal government
• progressive increases as you make more money
• Regressive same for all people regardless of
  income
• sales and city taxes

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Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

• Protect and defend the nation from harm
• help in war effort
• Draft helps raise the needed number of soldiers
• men must register at 18
• gives govern list of people in case war breaks
  out
• women do not have to register
• Citizens can be called to serve on a jury
• help fulfill 6th Amend right to trial by jury
• Testify in court
• you witness a crime

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Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

• Citizens and Elections
• Elections are the basis of representative
  democracy
• Must be 18 yrs to vote
• Citizens and Government
• Interest groups can be formed to influence
  politicians on certain issues
• Million Mom March
• Can write letters or attend meetings
• Community Service
• Civic Virtue commitment to helping others
• community volunteers ,neighborhood watch, during
  Revolution, women made cloth and other goods for
  colonists
• Government volunteers
• Red Cross, Habitat for Humanity