Title: ??????????????????????QoS??
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? ????????,????????? ? ????????????????
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??????????????????????QoS?? ?????? ?
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4?????
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???????TSAP
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???????(????)
? ???? -- ??????????????????
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5QoS??
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????????? ???? ? ???????/???????????????
? ?????????????????????? ? ??? ?
????????????,?????????????
6???????????
????(???)?????????????
(1) ????TSAP122???,???? (2) HOST
1???????????,????TSAP6,?????TSAP122 (3) HOST
1???????NSAP?HOST 1?HOST 2???????? (4) HOST
1??????????????????HOST 2????? (5) HOST
2??????????????????????
HOST 1
HOST 2
????
???
TSAP 6
TSAP 122
???
???
NSAP X
NSAP Y
???
???
7??
? ????????????????? ? ??(1) ?????? ---
???????????????,??? ? ?????????,????????,??
???? (2) ?????????????,?????????????
??????????TSAP?? ? ?????????????????? ? ??(1)
???? ?? TSAP lt???gt lt???gt lt???gt
lt???gt (2) ??????,?????????????
8????
? ?????????? ? ??(1) ??????????? (2)
??????? (3) ???????????????????????
??????????? (4) ?????????????,?????????
???????TPDU?????,???????,?
????????????????? ??a. ??????????,???????
b. ?????????????,?????? ????
9???????????
?? 1
?? 2
?? 1
?? 2
CR (SEQX)
CR (SEQX) (??)
ACK (SEQY,ACKX)
ACK (SEQY,ACKX)
DATA (SEQX,ACKY)
REJ (ACKY)
10???????
?? 1
?? 2
CR (SEQX)
ACK (SEQZ,ACKX)
CR (SEQX) (??)
ACK (SEQY,ACKX)
DATA (SEQX,ACKZ)
DATA (SEQX,ACKZ)
(??)
REJ (ACKY)
11????
(1) ?????(????)????????,????? ????????
?? 1
?? 2
CR
ACK
DATA
DATA
??
DR
12????
(2) ????(????)??????????? ??????
??????? ?????????????TPDU,???????
??????????,??????TPDU
?? 1
?? 2
?? 1
?? 2
DR
?????
DR
?????
DR
?????
DR
?????
????
????
ACK
ACK
????
??, ????
ACK??
?????????
13????
?????????
?? 1
?? 2
?? 1
?? 2
DR
DR
?????
?????
DR
?????
DR
?????
????
????
DR
DR
?????
?????
?????
DR
ACK
????
??, ????
N???, ????
????
????????
????????????????
14?????????
(1) ????????????????????????????
???? (2) ???????,??????
??????,?????? (3) ?????????????????/?????????,?
?????,???????
?? 1
?? 2
?? 1
?? 2
SEQ 3
?? 8???
?? 4 ?????
SEQ 4
BUF 4
SEQ 2, ????
SEQ 0
ACK 4 BUF 0
SEQ 1
ACK 4,BUF 1
SEQ 2
????
ACK 4,BUF 1
? 3 ? ????
ACK 1,BUF 3
SEQ 5
????
15????
(1) ???????????????,????????????? ?? (2)
????????????,???????????,??? ??????????????
? ??????
??????????,????????? ? ????????????(A)???????????
?(W)? ??(C)
6???AWC?AC(W)?WAC?WC(A)?C(AW)?C(WA) ? ??????S1
-- ?????????TPDU S0 -- ???????TPDU
??????????S0???????S1?????
16??????
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?????
???????
?????
??
?????
AC(W) AWC C(AW)
C(WA) WAC WC(A)
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?S0??
??
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?S1??
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??
17????????--- TCP?UDP
? TCP(??????)???????? UDP(???????)??????? ?
?? TSAP ??? NSAP??
??(??)????????????
SNMP
TFTP
SMTP
RPC
FTP
TELNET
()
()
()
()
()
()
111
161
69
25
21
23
A
TCP
UDP
IP 202.112.103.47
C
??500
??501
IP 202.112.103.225
??23
??
B
IP 202.112.103.47
??500
18SOCKET??
? SOCKET(???/??/??)???????,IP?? ??? ? ?
TCP?UDP?SOCKET???????
TCP
UDP
SERVER
CLIENT
SERVER
CLIENT
??SOCKET
??SOCKET
??SOCKET
??SOCKET
LISTEN
CALL
RECVFROM
SENDTO
CONNECT
ACCEPT
RECVFROM
SENDTO
SEND
RECEIVE
19TCP????
10
0
31?
3
15
18
???
????
????
????
URG
ACK
PSH
RST
SYN
FIN
????
??
????
???
????
?????( ?0 )
??(??)
20TCP??????
? ???/????TSAP?? ? ?????????????????? ?
???????????(?????)???????? ? ???????32?(??) ?
???? ???(URG)1??????,???????????
???????????? ???(ACK)1???????????
???(PSH)1???????????????????
???(RST)1????????,??????,??
???(SYN)SYN1,ACK0 ????????
SYN1,ACK1 ??????????
???(FIN)1????????,?????? ? ????????????????,????
??????? ? ???12B????????
21??TCP??????
? ??????????????
?? 1
?? 2
?? 1
?? 2
SYN1, ACK0, Send_Seqx
SYN1,ACK0 Send_Seqx
????????
SYN1, ACK0, Send_Seqy
SYN1,ACK1 Send_Seqy, Ack_Seqx1
SYN1,ACK1 Send_Seqx, Ack_Seqy1
??????
Ack_Seqy1
SYN1,ACK1 Send_Seqy, Ack_Seqx1
??????
?????????????? SOCKET??????
??????
22????????
?? 1
?? 2
??????????
FIN1, Send_Seqx
??????
Ack_Seq x1
??????????
FIN1, Send_Seq y
??????
Ack_Seq y1
??????
? ???????,?????????
23TCP????????????
??????????
CLOSED
LISTEN
??????
LISTEN
??????
????
??????
SYN SENT
SYN RCVD
??????
3 ???????
????????
ESTABLISHED
??????
?????????
?????????
FIN WAIT1
CLOSING
CLOSE WAIT
????
????
??????
??????
FIN WAIT2
TIMED WAIT
LAST ACK
????? ????
??
????
CLOSED
24TCP?????
???
???
????
??????3K
4K
Send_Seq0(0-2047)
2K
Ack_Seq 2048,WIN2048
Send_Seq2048 (2048-4095)
0
Ack_Seq 4096, WIN 0
???????2K
Ack_Seq 4096, WIN 2048
????
2K
Send_Seq4096 (4096- 5119)
1K
25TCP???????
(1) ???????????????,?????,????? ??A.
?????????????,????? B. Nagle
??,?????????? (2) ??????,??????????????????,
?????????????,????
??Chark ??,???????????????,??? ????????
26TCP?????
? ???????????????? ? ??????2?????????????,?????
??? ?????? ? ??????????????????????? ?
?????????????????,?????0??????????????,?????,???
????????????,?????,??????0,???????
? ???????
? ??????(RTT)RTT ? ? RTT ( 1- ? ) ? M
?????? ? ? 0-1,??RTT????? M????????????? ?
Jackson?? D ? ? D ( 1- ? ) ? RTT-M ,
??D??? ??? RTT 4 ? D ? Karn ??????
2 ? ???????
27UDP???
0
31?
15
???
????
UDP??
???
?TCP??,?????????12???????/??IP???UDP???(17)?UDP??
28ATM??????????ATM???(AAL)
ATM????????
??
??
????
CBR
?????
???????????????
RT-VBR
???????
??????????(?????)
NRT-VBR
????????
??????????,????Email
ABR
?????
??????,????(??)??,??????????,?Web??
UBR
??????
??????,Best-Effort, ??Email? IP???
29AAL?????
? ????????/??? ?????/????? ????/??? ? 4???
A?
B?
C?
D?
???????????
??
???
??
??
???
????
????
???
30AAL???
????????SSCS
????
????????CPCS
AAL
??????SAR
ATM?
???
31AAL1??A???
? ????,???????,????? ? CS??????,???????????????,?
??????, ??????????,??????/?????46/47???? ?
SAR????????
1 3 3 1 bit
? P
0
SN
SNP
EP
47??????
1 B
??
P
1
SN
SNP
EP
47??????
? P??????????????? ? SN???,???????????? ?
SNP?????,????,???SN???1??,??2?? ?
EP???,???7??? ? ??????????????
32AAL2??B???
? CS??????,????,??????????,??/?????
????(FEC) ? SAR???AAL1??
1B
2 B
SN
IT
45??????
LI
CRC
? SN???,???????????? ? IT????,??????????????????
? LI?????,?????????(??) ? CRC?SAR-PDU????
33AAL3/4??C/D???
? ??????,??????? ? ??????? -- ???????
???? -- ?????? ? ????????????????????? ?
???????????????VC ? CS - PDU
1
0-3
1
2
1 1 2 B
CPI
Btag
????(1-65535 B)
??
BA??
Etag
??
??
? CPI???????,???????BA???????????? ? Btag /
Etag??/????,???????,???????????? ?
BA?????????????????????? ? ????????
34AAL3/4??C/D???
? SAR?CS-PDU??44????,???SAR-PDU
2
4
10
6 10 bit
ST
SN
????(44B)
MID
LI
CRC
? ST???,????????????????,?????????? ?
SN???,???????????? ? MID??????,??????????? ?
LI?????,?????????(??) ? CRC?SAR-PDU????
? AAL3/4 ??? (1) ???,????4B (2)
10?CRC,4????????????????
35AAL5???????C/D???
? CS - PDU
1 2 4 B
1
??
????(1-65535 B)
??
UU
??
CRC
? ??0-47,??CS - PDU?48?????? ? UU?? -
??,?????, ? ???????? ? CRC32?,???CS-PDU????
? SAR?CS-PDU??48????,??????/???,?????
????????ATM???PTI(????)??????? 1,???????
36AAL?????
AAL1 AAL2 AAL3/4
AAL5
????
A? B? C/D? C/D?
????
? ? ? ?
????
? ? Btag / Etag
PTI
????
? ? ? ?
??????
? ? ? ?
CS??
? ? ? ?
CS????
? ? 8 B 8 B
CS??
? ? ? ?
SAR????
46-47 B 45B 44B 48B
SAR????
1-2B 3 B 4 B 0
SAR??
? ? ? ?