The West Chapter 8

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The WestChapter 8

• What was the motivational factors for extending
  west?

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I. The United States Expands

1. When Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory he
   was convinced it was vital to the nations
   expansion.
2. He believed the independent farmer was the
   backbone of the U.S.
3. Farmers needed more land and the population
   doubled every 25 years.
4. Some foresaw the U.S. expanding from the Atlantic
   to the Pacific.

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By the time Jefferson was ready to request funds
for the expedition, his relationship with the
opposition in Congress was anything but
friendly.Secretary of the Treasury Albert
Gallatin urged that the request be made in
secret.The message focused on the state of
Indian trade and mentioned the proposed western
expedition near the end of the document.
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II. Preparing for Exploration

1. In 1803, Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to
   the U.S. for 15 million.
2. This protected the farmers who used the
   Mississippi River to ship products down to the
   port of New Orleans.
3. The purchase also removed Frances threat to the
   U.S. expansion.
4. The land west of Louisiana was owned by Spain but
   they were weak and not a threat.

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• Presents for Indians
• 12 dozen pocket mirrors
• 4,600 sewing needles
• 144 small scissors
• 10 pounds of sewing thread
• silk ribbons
• ivory combs
• handkerchiefs
• yards of bright-colored cloth
• 130 rolls of tobacco
• tomahawks that doubled as pipes
• 288 knives
• 8 brass kettles
• vermilion face paint
• 33 pounds of tiny beads

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• E. Jefferson called for an expedition of new
  lands.
• He chose his private secretary and friend, 29
  year old Captain Meriwether Lewis.
• Lewis was skilled at living in the wilderness,
  educated, resourceful and was moody.
• William Clark was even tempered.
• The main goal was to explore Missouri River and
  the smaller rivers that flowed into it.

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• J. Jefferson sought a direct water communication
  across the continent.
• K. Searched for the fabled all-water route known
  as the Northwest passage.
• L. Jefferson required detailed maps, observations
  of the regions climate, plans, and animals.
• M. Observe native peoples and treat them with
  respect.

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Lewis and Clark leave St. Louis in May of 1804
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1st official meeting of whites and western Indian
tribes at Council Bluffs in 1804
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The only casualty on the entire trip
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August October 1804 Lewis and
Clark met The Indian tribes of South Dakota The
Yanktons were Hunters and traders Who lived near
Gavins Point Dam
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Lewis and Clark met the Lakota, or Teton,
Indians in central South Dakota
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The Arikaras were a farming tribe who
Welcomed Lewis and Clark
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Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1804
In a Mandan Indian village
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Sacagawea and her infant son Pomp were Guides
for Lewis and Clark on their journey
west
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June 1805 Great Falls of the Missouri
River
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Lemhi Pass August 1805 No river
leading to the Pacific Ocean

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In Idaho Lewis and Clark Met the Shoshone Indians
Sacagawea is the sister of the chief The
explorers buy horses to cross the
Mountains for eleven days
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The Nez Perce teach Lewis and Clark to make
Canoes from logs to speed down the Snake
And Columbia Rivers toward the ocean
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Mt. Hood Pacific Ocean ahead!
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Ocian in view! O! the joy.Capt. William
Clark    November 7, 1805
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NOVEMBER 7, 1805Clark writes his most famous
journal entryOcian in view! O! the
joy,They are actually at the end of Grays
Bay, still 20 miles from sea.Clark estimates
they have traveled 4162 miles from the mouth of
the Missouri to the Pacific. He estimate, based
on dead reckoning, will turn out to be within 40
miles of the actual distance.
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NOVEMBER 24, 1805To make the crucial decision
of where to spend the winter, the captains decide
to put the matter to a vote. Significantly, in
addition to the others, Clarks slave, York, is
allowed to vote nearly 60 years before slaves
in the U.S. would be emancipatedSacagawea, the
Indian woman, votes too more than a century
before either women or Indians are granted the
full rights of citizenship.
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Fort Clatsop Winter of 1805
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Pompys Pillar is named for
Sacagaweas son
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July 1806 In the only battle of the
whole Expedition, two Blackfeet warriors are
killed
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Sacagawea says good-bye in August 1806
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Lewis and Clark arrived back in St. Louis on
September 23, 1806 To a heros
welcome
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Lewis and Clark are remembered today

• Statues
• Books
• Parades
• Reenactments
• Trail Markers
• Celebrations
• Museums

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THE END
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Reflection

• How did the Lewis and Clark expedition affect the
  exploration of the western territory?