Theories and Guidelines

1
Theories and Guidelines

• Bellwork What are logical consequences?
• April 18, 2010

2
Can you?

• Describe Piagets Theory
• Identify Eriksons Theory
• Describe human functioning according to Freud
• Distinguish the levels of Maslow
• Explain Kohlbergs theory of moral development.

3
Piagets Intellectual Development
Birth-2 Years 2-7 Years About 6-11 Years 11 and older
Sensori-motor Pre- Operational Concrete Operations Formal Operations
Learns through senses Learn by using mental images and language Learn to solve more complex problems using logic concrete terms Can think abstractly, solve complex problems, find several solutions
4
Eriksons Stages

• Trust v. Mistrust
• Autonomy v. Shame Doubt
• Initiative v. Guilt
• Industry v. Inferiority
• Identity v. Role Confusion
• Intimacy v. Isolation
• Generativity v. Stagnation
• Integrity v. Despair

5
Bellwork 4/21/11

• What happens to adults that do not accomplish the
  task of adolescence?

6
Eriksons Stages of Personality Development
Trust

• Infants must learn trust
• Toddlers must develop their individuality/their
  voice within
• Preschoolers must learn to risk
• Grade-schoolers must learn to be productive and
  work
• Adolescents must learn who they are
• Adults must accept themselves and be willing to
  give it up to another
• Older adults must care about community not just
  self family members.
• Elderly must be able to look back at life with no
  regrets.

Autonomy
Initiative
Identity
Industry
Intimacy
Generativity
Integrity
7
Freuds Theory

• ID
• Wants and desires
• Ego
• Uses logic to control self
• Superego
• Moral code

8
Maslows Hierarchy
Self-Actualization
Esteem
Love and Acceptance
Safety Security
Physical Needs
9
Logical Consequences

• Imposing a consequence to discourage undesirable
  behavior
• Consequence should be
• related to the undesirable behavior
• Important to the child
• Proportional to the behavior
• Timely

10
What Would You Do? to 4

• A four-year-old hits his mom
• An eight-year-old repeatedly forgets to feed the
  cat
• A 12-year-old home alone after school invites
  friends over
• A 14-year-old ignores her homework and gets a bad
  progress report

11
Kohlbergs Theory
Pre-Conven-tional Conventional Post-Conven-tional
Stage 1 Threat of Punishment guides choices Stage 3 Opinions of others guide choices Stage 5 Personal values guide behavior
Stage 2 Rewards guide choices Stage 4 Respect for law and order guide choices Stage 6 Self-chosen ethics guide choices
12
Preconventional Level

• Stage 1 Obedience
• Threat of Punishment
• Stage 2 Self-Interest
• Desire for rewards

13
Conventional Level

• Stage 3 Seeking approval
• Others opinions influences choices
• Stage 4 Rules Fairness
• Respect for Law and order

14
Post Conventional Level

• Stage 5 Helping Others
• Personal values on human rights govern choices
• Stage 6 Universal Principles
• Self-chosen ethical principles guide decisions

15
Match the Theory to Practice (6)
Stage 5

1. Lydia takes a lost child back home even though it
   leaves her less time to play.
2. Justin shares a treat with his friend so his
   friend will share a treat with him.
3. Maria does her homework very neatly so the
   teacher will notice and praise her.
4. Stephen attends the Tea Party rally at the
   capital.
5. Emily puts on her PJs because her mom told her
   to.
6. Peter waits his turn in line at the store instead
   of pushing ahead of others.

Stage 2
Stage 3
STAGE 6
Stage 1
Stage 4
16
Bronfenbrenners Moral Orientations

• Self-oriented morality
• Wants to satisfy personal needs
• Authority-oriented morality
• Accepts decisions from authority about good and
  bad
• Peer-oriented morality
• Looks to peers for decisions about right and
  wrong
• Collective-oriented morality
• Places groups goals over personal interest
• Objectively-oriented morality
• Accepts universal values regardless of what
  others think

17
Match It Up to 5
Peer-oriented

1. John decides to stop eating junk food because his
   girlfriend eats more healthfully.
2. Andrea volunteers at the fundraiser because it
   supports her team.
3. Earl buys the last three hats at the booth even
   though he knows his friends want one too.
4. Ellen invites a new kid to sit at the table with
   her at lunch even though her friends tell her not
   to waste her time.
5. Connie runs to get to school on time because her
   teacher told her not to be late.

Collective-oriented
Self-oriented
Objectively-oriented
Authority-oriented