23.1 New Deal : Recap Objectives

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id terms 23.1 Huey Long.doc
23.1 New Deal Recap Objectives

• What characteristics did FDR posses that made him
  electable?
• What did Roosevelt do while he was waiting to
  take office?
• What were the three main goals of the New Deal?
• What happened during the period known as the
  Hundred Days?
• What further steps did Roosevelt take to reform
  banking and finance?
• What impact did the fireside chat have on the
  nation?
• Which group of Americans was hardest hit by the
  Depression?
• 8. What specific programs were created by FDR to
  provide relief to the farmers?
• 9. What was the purpose to the CCC and how did it
  attempt to fulfill its goals?
• 10. What did the Natl Recovery Act do?
• 11. Which New Deal programs were designed to help
  homeowners?
• 12. What ideas did John Maynard Keynes contribute
  that allowed FDRs programs
• to function?
• 13. Which New Deal programs centered around the
  provision of food, clothing,
• and shelter? How did these programs work?
• 14. How did the Supreme Court react to FDRs
  programs?
• 15. What is meant by the term deficit spending?
• 16. What objections did liberals have to FDRs
  New Deal programs?

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
Main Idea After becoming president, Franklin
Delano Roosevelt used govt programs to fight
the Depression.
Terms Names

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• New Deal
• Glass-Steagall Act
• Federal Securities Act
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
• Deficit spending
• Huey Long

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
Election of 1932 Republicans Herbert Hoover
-associated w/ problems of the
Depression Democrats Franklin Delano
Roosevelt -2 term govnor of NY -cousin of
Teddy Roosevelt -reform minded -can-do
attitude -comfortable and friendly to
voters -wins with clear margin of votes
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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression

• Waiting for Roosevelt to take over
• At this time inauguration is in March (20th
  Amendment will
• change that to Jan. later)
• FDR assembles brain trust select group of
  advisors
• professors, lawyers, journalists to help
  formulate policies
• This makes up the New Deal
• Goals of New Deal
• 1. relief for the needy
• 2. economic recovery
• 3. financial reform

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression

• The 1st Hundred Days
• Period of intense activity
• Congress passes more than
• 15 pcs. of legislation
• These laws expand role of
• fed. govt in the economy

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression

• 1st step Banking reform
• People have lost faith in banks
• March 5th declared banking
• holiday
• All banks closed (no w/drawals)
• Emergency Banking Relief Act
• Gives treasury dept right to
• inspect banks
• If sound, reopen at once
• If insolvent, remain closed
• Need help? Loans given
• Restored peoples faith in banks

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression

• Public Relations
• -Fireside Chats
• On radio
• All hear and feel part of plan to recovery
• Clear simple language (no politics)
• Seems like hes talking to each person
• Explains banking and why people have to support
  banks

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
Roosevelt was the first president to use the mass
media to regularly connect with the nation, in
his famous fireside chats. Roosevelts evening
radio addresses helped worried citizens stay
informed on and involved with all matters of
state. FDR intentionally used direct, simple,
calm, language to explain problems and his plans
to solve them. He sensed that he would be most
effective in communicating with the public if he
joined citizens in their living rooms and
kitchens for relaxed conversation. No president
had ever made the effort to address his citizenry
so directly and informally.
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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression

• Regulate banking and finance
• Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 created the FDIC
  Federal
• Deposit Insurance Corporation which says govt
  insures
• deposits up to 5000 made banks treat
  deposits carefully
• Federal Securities Act of 1933 regulate stock
  market.
• Corporations have to provide compete info.
  about stocks
• SEC Securities Exchange Commission to
  regulate
• stock market (no insider information)
• 1933 21st Amendment repeal of Prohibition

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
Helping the American People

• AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act raise
• crop prices by lowering production
• Pay farmers to leave some land unseeded
• Some paid to plow under the fields
• Destruction of so much food angered many
• going hungry
• It raised prices of food and put more in
• farmers pockets

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Key Quotes FDRs Inauguration Speech
This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our
greatest primary task is to put people to work.
I shall ask congress for broad executive power to
wage war against the emergency.
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The New Deal Alphabet Agencies

• The Alphabet Agencies were set up to help reverse
  the Spiral of Depression.
• The main aim was to pump money back into the
  economy by giving the unemployed jobs.
• Not everyone within the Democratic Party agreed
  exactly how this should be done.

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Causes of the Depression
Fewer goods are sold.
Demand drops.
The Spiral Of Depression
In order to stay in business companies cut wages
Companies are forced to cut costs by laying
people off
People lose their confidence start saving
their money
Demand drops even further.
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Reversing the Spiral of Depression
Cycle of Prosperity!
Democrats called this Process Pump Priming
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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
Providing Work Projects

• CCC Civilian Conservation Corps put young
  men aged
• 18-25 to work building roads, developing parks,
  planting trees,
• working to prevent soil-erosion and flood
  control
• gave jobs to 3 million young men
• paid 30 a month of which 25 went home to
  family
• Free lodging, food, and uniforms
• Chance to see the country
• reforestation of Dust Bowl
• Appalachian Trail
• Roanoke Festival Park
• camps racially segregated

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
Providing Work Projects

• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) later
  known as
• NRA provided money to states to build
  schools/other
• community buildings

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression

• NIRA tried to create fair business practices to
  promote
• Industrial growth
• developed codes for individual industries
• created National Recovery Administration NRA
  set prices
• for many products and established standards
• Goal promote recovery by interrupting the
  trends of wage
• cuts falling prices and layoffs (dont
  let the market economy
• do its job intervene)
• Fair practice codes jointly set by business
  reps, workers,
• consumers
• Workers given right to unionize
• Many businesses critical of NIRA

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
Providing Work Projects

• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) later
  known as
• NRA
• Also Civil Works Administration 4 million
  immediate jobs some
• said it was make work programs but CWA built
  40,000
• schools. Paid salaries of 50,000 rural
  teachers. Built ½ million
• miles of road

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23.1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
Food, Clothing Shelter

• Housing Home Owners Loan Corporation got
  loans to
• homeowners faced w/ foreclosure
• National Housing Act created FHA Federal
  Housing
• Administration still gives loans for home
  mortgages today
• FERA Federal Emergency Relief Administration
  
• 500 million to provide direct relief to needy
• ½ money given to states as direct grants-in-aid
  to give
• clothing to unemployed
• ½ to states for work relief programs
• FERA matched every 3 of state money w/ 1 fed

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23.1 New Deal Fights the Depression
Supreme Court Attacks

• Supreme Court declares NIRA unconstitutional
• NIRA wrong b/c it gives legislative powers to
  the executive
• branch which is unconstitutional it gives fed
  govt power to
• enforce industry codes in states this goes
  beyond Federal
• rights to control interstate trade
• Supreme Court strikes down AAA agriculture is
  local matter
• and should be regulated by states not federal
  govt
• FDRs reaction reorganize federal court system!
• Critics call this court packing! violation of
  separation of powers
• Didnt pass Congress but all ok because lots of
  judges retired
• FDR got to choose new judges ones who thought
  like him

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23.1 New Deal Fights the Depression
New Deal Comes Under Attack

• By end of 1st 100 days people had benefited
  tremendously
• To do all things FDR had to agree to deficit
  spending
• spending more than govt receives in
  revenue
• Deficit spending as necessary evil
• FDRs New Deal did NOT end the Depression
• Lots of critics of FDR said he spent too much
  money

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23.1 New Deal Fights Depression
Four Fiery Critics

• American Liberty League strongly against FDR
• New Deal programs infringe on rights of
  individual and of property
• 2. Charles Coughlin retired priest. Early
  supporter but turned against FDR
• Favored guaranteed natl income and
  nationalization of banks
• Big radio audience
• Anti-Semitic
• 3. Francis Townsend physician and health care
  officer in California
• FDR not doing enough for elderly
• Need a pension plan w/ retirement for the elderly
• 4. Huey Long most serious challenger of FDR.
• Created a natl program called Share-Our-Wealth
  club
• Very popular
• Assassinated at height of popularity

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Use notes to recap

• Brain Trust
• Bank Holiday 3/5/1933
• Federal Securities Act
• Fireside Chat
• 20th Amendment move inauguration to Jan.
• -CCC - Civilian Conservation Corp
• -AAA - Agricultural Adjustment Act
• -NRA - National Recovery Administration
• -Packing the Court

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The New Deal
Name____________________ Date_________________
Bell___________________
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Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal
Source http//www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/firstln/9
55pres10.gif
Alphabet Soup Begins CCC, NIRA, AAA,
Source http//www.lausd.k12.ca.us/Belmont_HS/tkm/
Pics/NRA20poster/NRAposter.jpg

Glass-Steagall Act Federal Securities Act
Source http//www.weru.ksu.edu/new_weru/multimedi
a/dustbowl/cimarron_ok.jpg
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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Main Idea The Second New Deal included new
programs to extend federal aid and stimulates the
nations economy.
Terms and Names
Eleanor Roosevelt Works Progress Administration
(WPA) National Youth Administration Wagner
Act Social Security Act
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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Second Hundred Days

• Still high unemployment
• Second Hundred Days are more programs launched by
  FDR
• Wife Eleanor Roosevelt prodded FDR to do more for
  social
• welfare of people
• Great political skills
• Travel country to talk to people
• Got more women into office
• 1936 Election clear victory for FDR and
  Democrats. AA voted
• for Democrats first time. First time unions
  public ally endorse
• a candidate

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Famous quotes of the most admired woman
in America for 13 years.
A woman is like a teabag you never know
how strong she is until she gets into hot water
Beautiful young people are accidents of
nature Beautiful old people are works of art
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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Helping Farmers

• As Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck illustrated
  poverty and
• lost homes are still way of American farmer

• Supreme Court struck down AAA
• earlier
• Redone AAA w/out processing tax
• to which Supreme Court objected
• New name Soil Conservation
• Domestic Allotment
• Act

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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Helping Farmers

• More farm aid
• Resettlement Administration loans to small
• farmers to buy land
• Replaced by Farm Security Administration (FSA)
• loans to help tenant farmers become
• land owners
• Camps for migrant workers
• Hired photographers to take pics.

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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Roosevelt Extends Relief

• Help youth, professionals, and workers
• Works Progress Administration (WPA)
• reworked form of CWA civil works administr.
• headed by Harry Hopkins
• Create as many jobs as possible quickly

Singing for your supper
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What about the unskilled unemployed?

• In 1935, after a terrible winter FDR decided to
  help the unskilled unemployed by setting up WPA
  with Harry Hopkins in charge.

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WPA Works Progress Administration

• Hired 100 people to scare pigeons away with
  balloons from public buildings in Washington DC.

• Employed 12,000 Actors to put on plays and
  concerts to cheer people up!
• Employed artists and painters to make paintings
  for display in schools and public buildings.
• Gave work to 2 million people a year.

• Built 11,000 schools.
• Built 70,000 km of roads.
• La Guardia airport in New York.
• Employed photographers to make a record of the
  Depression.

Boondoggles?
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What about the unskilled unemployed?

• In response to being accused of boondoggling,
  when he gave unemployed librarians jobs
  cataloguing historical documents, Hopkins
  replied

Hell, theyve got to eat just like other people.
In 1934, the CWA was shut down because it was
wasting money
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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Roosevelt Extends Relief

• Help youth, professionals, and workers
• National Youth Administration (NYA) work
• created for students

Paid to teach baseball
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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Improving Labor and Other Reforms

• Very important!
• Supreme Court declared NIRA unconstitutional
• saying fed. govt had involved itself in what
  were
• state activities
• FDR created the following to keep reforms in
• labor relations

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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Improving Labor and Other Reforms

• Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)
• re-established NIRA collective bargaining
• rights
• prohibited unfair labor practices such as
• threatening to fire workers who strike
• set up the National Labor Relations Board
• exists today to hear testimony about unfair
• labor practices (Walmart and women)

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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Improving Labor and Other Reforms

• set up Fair Labor Standard Act
• set maximum weekly work hours
• set minimum wage to .25 an hour

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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
The Social Security Act

• Social Security Act created by committee
• chaired by FEMALE secretary of labor
• Francis Perkins

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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
The Social Security Act

• Social Security Act
• Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or
• older and spouse. ½ from workers, ½
• from employer
• 2. Unemployment compensation system
• funded by fed tax on employers
• 3. Aid to families w/ dependent children
• and disabled.
• What about Bushs change to the SS system?

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Is Social Security a planning vehicle that
an individual uses for his or her own
retirement? Or Is it a pooling of resources so
that all of society can meet the needs of its
older members? Is there a sense of common
obligation? FDR said We have tried to frame a
law which will give some measure of protection
to the average citizen and to his family against
the loss of a job and against poverty-ridden old
age FDRs target rate of poverty not rate of
return Social Security successful in battling
poverty among elderly
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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Expanding and Regulating Utilities

• Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
• financed bringing electricity to rural areas
  (Currituck!)

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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Improving Labor and Other Reforms

• See chart p. 706 See how the New Deal
• expanded the scope of the federal
• governments power?
• Each of these agencies became part of
• the executive branch
• Turn in the following task
• Reorganize the chart in chronological
• order
• 2. Label if product of 1st One Hundred Days
• or part of the Second New Deal

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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Second New Deal (second hundred days) Eleanor
Roosevelt 2nd AAA (no processing tax to pay for
farm subsidies) Resettlement Admin Farm
Security Administration (FSA) Dorothea Lange Need
more work? Harry Hopkins takes on WPA NYA
National Youth Administration NLRA Wagner
Act Fair Labor Standards Act Social Security
Act Old age pension Unemployment
compensation Aid to families w/ dependent
children or disabled REA Rural Electrification
Adminstration
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23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
What do you know? Graphic Organizer Fill in the
worksheet as provided to see if you can correctly
place the agency to the cause. Backpage
reteach of 23.2
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Name Full Name Description
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured bank deposits
NIRA PWA CWA Nat'l Industrial Recovery Act (Public Works Administration Civil Works Administration) allowed business to cooperate" PWA - public works administration for skilled labor CWA - Civil works administration for unskilled labor
NRA Nat'l Recovery Administration approved NIRA
SSA Social Security Act old age pensions
AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act leased farmers' land
TVA Tennessee Valley Association dam rivers for electricity
FERA Federal Emergency Relief Act gave 500 million to states for aid
CCC Civilian Conservation Corp Parks men work in camps
FSA Federal Security Administration control the issue of stock on the stock market
REA Rural Electrification Administration provide electricity to farmers
Wagner Act NLRB National Labor Relations Board ok-ed collective bargaining, right of workers to join unions, set up labor relations board
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NAMES AND TERMS

• Francis Perkins
• Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
• Mary McLeod Bethune
• John Collier
• New Deal coalition

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OBJECTIVES

• Analyze the effects of the New Deal programs on
  women.
• Describe Roosevelts attitude toward
  African-Americans.
• Identify the groups that formed the New Deal
  coalition.
• Describe the supporter of FDRs New Deal.

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THE NEW DEAL BRINGS NEW OPPORTUNITIES

• ND represents an important opportunity for
  women/minorities
• gains were limited, however
• patterns of prejudice and discrimination were
  hard to break
• some were resolved to prevent their full/equal
  participation

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WOMEN MAKE THEIR MARK

• Francis Perkins 1st female cabinet member
• Secretary of labor
• Played a major role in creating Social Security
  system
• Supervised labor legislation
• FDR also appt 3 female diplomats 1 female
  federal judge
• WOMEN STILL FACED WORKPLACE DISCRIMINATION
• (82 said woman should not work if husband has a
  job!)

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BUT, there are problems

• National Recovery Administration set wages
  some were lower for women
• Federal Emergency Relief Administration Civil
  Works Admin hired fewer women than men
• CCC hired only men
• Despite these problems, women made small gains
• WIDESPREAD CRITICISM OF WOMEN WORKING DID NOT
  CHANGE THE PROGRESSION OF WOMEN GETTING JOBS

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AFRICAN-AMERICAN ACTIVISM

• growth of activism by AAs
• A. Phillip Randolph
• Established 1st all-black
• labor union
• Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
• Laid the groundwork for the civil rights movement

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African-Americans Take Leadership Roles

• Mary McLeod Bethune
  educator
• appointed to head Division
  of Negro
• Affairs of the NYA
• Her job
• To make sure they hired AAs as administrators
• To provide job training to AAs
• Organized Black Cabinet advisors on racial
  affairs
• William Hastie and Robert Weaver appt to
  Department of Interior
• NEVER BEFORE SO MANY AA VOICES HEARD IN GOVT!

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Mrs. Roosevelts influence

• Eleanor was key to keeping door open for AAs
• Marian Anderson in 39
• DAR would not let her
• perform for them
• Eleanor resigned and arranged
• for Marian performed at Lincoln
• Memorial instead

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FDR FAILS TO FULLY SUPPORT CIVIL RIGHTS

• Feared upsetting
• Southern white Dems
• Refused to pass
• anti-lynching law
• Refused to end poll
• tax

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Some New Deal agencies discriminated ag. AAs
CCC
NRA
TVA

• NRA, CCC, TVA
• Lower wages for AAs and favored whites
• 1934 AAs help organize Southern Tenant Farmers
  Union
• To protect tenant farmers sharecroppers black
  white
• In North, the union organized tenants groups and
  tried to inc job ops
• Despite these problems, most blacks supported FDR
  as he was their best hope

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Mexican-American Fortunes

• Supported ND, though they benefited less than
  AAs!
• CCC and TVA helped some, but disqualified many
  migrants as they had no permanent address
• They had come to US during 20s
• Mainly in Southwest
• Farm laborers not governed by state or federal
  work laws
• Wages fell to .09/hr!
• Attempts at unionization
• violence from employers govt authorities!

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NATIVE AMERICANS
GAIN SUPPORT

• Strong support by federal govt
• John Collier -Commissioner of Indian Affairs
  appt by FDR in 34
• helped create Indian Reorganization Act
• change govt policy from assimilation to NA
  autonomy!
• Restored some lands to tribal ownership

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Changes to Native American Policies

• Economic changes lands belong to whole tribe
• Govt cant take over unoccupied lands sell them
  to non-Indians
• Cultural changes of boarding schools for AAs
  reduced attend school on reservation
• Political changes elect tribal councils on
  reservations
• PROS those who valued tribal traditions.
• OBJECTIONS from those who owned land
  individually under Dawes Act tired of whites
  telling them what was good for them (the more
  Americanized)
• Dawes Act broke up reservations gave land to
  individual Indians 1887

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FDR CREATES NEW DEAL COALITION

• New Deal coalition diverse groups dedicated to
  supporting the New Deal
• Despite mixed results for minorities, they
  supported FDR
• Southern whites
• Various urban groups
• AAs
• Unionized industrial workers
• Dems dominated national politics thru 30s and
  40s

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LABOR UNIONS FLOUIRSH

• Better working conditions increased bargaining
  power (Wagner Act)
• Unions gave to FDRs reelection campaigns
• Promised to vote for him
• Union membership grows!
• 1933 less than 3 m to more than 10 m in 1942
• auto, rubber, electrical, coal miners, workers in
  mass-production industries
• struggle for who will control unions!
• AFL craft unions life carpenters,
  electricians
• Leaders opposed industry-wide unions as in auto
  manufacturing
• .

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CIO

• John L. Lewis (UMW) David Dubinsky ( ILGW) team
  up to organize industrial unions
• formed Committee for Industrial Organizations
  Unskilled semi-skilled workers
• got auto steel industries to recognize the
  unions
• by 38 these unions were thrown out of AFL!!
• Committee changed its name
• becomes Congress of Industrial Organizations
  (CIO)
• AFL CIO stayed separate until 55, then teamed
  up

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LABOR DISPUTES

• One main tactic of 30s SIT-DOWN STRIKE
• DONT WALK OFF THE JOB sit down in the plant,
  but do not work!
• You cant carry on working w/strikebreakers if
  people are occupying the plant!
• Some opposed the sit-down as a violation of
  private property
• It was very effective!

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More labor disputes. . .

• OTHER DISPUTES WERE NOT PEACEFUL
• Republic Steel plant, Chicago, 1937
• Police attacked the strikers, including women
• 10 killed, 84 wounded
• called Memorial Day Massacre
• NLRB requires head of co. to negotiate w/labor
  union
• THIS RESULTS IN A GAIN OF STRENGTH ON THE PART OF
  LABOR IN THE 30s

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• 1937, May 30 Memorial Day Incident, Strikers
  Killed at Republic Steel
• 10 people received fatal injuries when city
  police dispersed a large group of striking steel
  workers and their sympathizers who were marching
  in the direction of the plant of the Republic
  Steel Corporation near Burley Avenue and One
  Hundred and Sixteenth Street in that city.
• This encounter occurred 4 days after the outbreak
  of a strike of union employees of the corporation
  and while picketing was in progress in front of
  the plant.
• In addition to the fatalities, none of which was
  suffered by the police, approximately 90 members
  of the group were injured (30 by gunfire) and 35
  police sustained injury

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FDR WINS IN 36

• Support for FDR was huge in Northern cities
• NY, Chicago, Boston, Philly all had powerful
  political machines
• they provided jobs in exchange for votes
• In 36, FDR won the nations 12 largest cities
• Support came from a wide variety of religious
  ethnic communities
• RC, Jews, Polish, Italians, and Irish, and other
  Slavic peoples
• His appeal based on ND labor laws and work-relief
  programs that helped poor
• President appointed many officials of
  urban-immigrant background, especially Roman
  Catholics and Jews, to important govt jobs

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                                      Franklin
Delano Roosevelt delivering a radio address,
1936. Our thirty-second president was the first
Chief Executive to make extensive use of radio
to communicate with American voters.
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SUM UP

• ND had huge impact on women, AAs,
  Mexican-Amercans, and workers and a huge impact
  on American society and culture

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Reteach 23.3

• The countrys first all-black trade union was
  organized
• by_____________
• Roosevelt did not do more to promote civil rights
  for
• fear of upsetting ___________________________
• 3. One of the main bargaining tactics of the
  labor movt
• in the 1930s was the _______________________
• 4. The Memorial Day Massacre involved violent
  clashes
• between police and workers in what
  industry_______
• 5. Frances Perkins became the first female
  ___________.

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Culture in the 1930s

• 23.4 Do terms and names as found on p. 720
• Gone With the Wind
• Orson Welles
• Grant Wood
• Richard Wright
• The Grapes of Wrath

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MAIN IDEA

• Motion pictures, radio, art and literature
  blossomed during the New Deal.
• WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• The films, music, art, and literature of the
  1930s still captivate todays public

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The Lure of Motion Pictures Radio

• MOVIES
• Cost .25
• 65 of Americans went to movies once a week
• 15,000 movie theater more than the of banks,
  twice the number of hotels
• RADIO
• Sold 13 million in 1930, 28 million in 1940
• ½ of all American households owned a radio

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Hollywood takes center stage

• Film stars
• Clark Gable
• Marlene Dietrich
• Jimmy Cagney

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Movies of the 30s
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REALITY OF THE DEPRESSION
77
ROMANTIC COMEDY
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ANIMATIONS
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COMEDIES
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COMEDIES
82
Gangster Films
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Social Commentary
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RADIO

• Drama and variety
• War of the Worlds
• Orson Welles later
• directed movie classics
• Citizen Kane
• Touch of Evil

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Comedians
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The Arts in Depression America

• Art, music, literature
• Sober and serious
• But conveyed an uplifting message about strength
  of character and democratic values
• Many artists supported the New Deals spirit of
  social and political change
• Many of them also received financial support from
  the New Deal (Harry Hopkins and the WPA)
• Theyve got to eat just like other people.

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Federal Art Project

• Paid artists a living wage
• Aimed to increase public appreciation of art
  promote positive images of America
• Artists
• created posters
• taught art in schools
• created murals
• These murals were inspired by Diego Rivera
• Focused on dignity of ordinary Americans at work

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Grant Woods American Gothic
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Dramatizing Labor struggles of the 1930s
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Woodie Gutherie

• Music to capture the hardships of Depression
  America

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Writers

• Supported by Federal Writers Project
• Future Pulitzer Prize winner Saul Bellow
  first job
• Richard Wright African-American writer, Native
  Son (1940)
• Zora Neale Hurston Their Eyes Were Watching God
  (1937)
• John Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath (1939)

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And more writers...

• James T. Farrell Studs Lonigan trilogy (32-35)
• Bleak picture of working class life in Irish
  neighborhood of Chicago
• Jack Conroy The Disinherited (1933)
• Violence poverty in Missouri coal fields
• James Agee photographer Walker Evans teamed up
  for Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (1941)
• Deals w/ difficult life of poor farmers dignity
  strength of character
• Thornton Wilder Our Town (a play written in
  38) beauty of small town New England life

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To sum up . . .

• Though artists and writers recognized Americas
  flaws, they contributed positively to New Deal
  legacy
• Intellectuals praised the virtues of American
  life
• They took pride in the countrys traditions and
  accomplishments.

95
23.5 The Impact of the New Deal Do terms and
names and 1st two columns p. 725
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC) Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) National Labor Relations Board
(NLRB) Parity Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
96
23.5 The Impact of the New Deal
New Deal Reforms Endure

• FDR did NOT like deficit spending.
• 1937 economy better though not perfect
• by 1939 New Deal over though things
• heating up in Europe

97
23.5 The Impact of the New Deal
Supporters and Critics

• Conservatives felt FDR made the govt
• too large and too powerful. Stifles free
• enterprise and individual initiative
• Supporters thought FDR did well

98
23.5 The Impact of the New Deal
Expanding Role of Govt in Economy

• Federal govt had bigger role now so did
• the Presidential office
• Created federal jobs
• Federal govt step in to settle labor
• management disputes
• Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
• (FDIC) regulates banking
• Created Securities and Exchange Commission
• (SEC) regulates investment

99
23.5 The Impact of the New Deal
Expanding Role of Govt in Economy

• Protecting Workers Rights
• National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
• which under the Wagner Act acts as
• mediator b/w labor and management

100
23.2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
One More Thing NLRB v. Jones Laughlin Steel
Corp 1937

• NLRB (Wagner Act) said Congress could regulate
  labor relations
• since it came under the commerce clause of
  Constitution
• Jones Laughlin Steel Corp said no way
• Supreme Court said even if manufacturing done
  locally its final
• product is shipped out of state so Congress CAN
  REGULATE
• important because Supreme Court switched and now
  backed up
• the New Deal
• even today Congress can regulate anything
  essential and appropriate
• in Commerce such as discrimination in
  employment in hotel industry

101
23.5 The Impact of the New Deal
Social and Environmental Effects

• Social Security federal govt assumes
• responsibility for social welfare of its
  citizens
• Rural scene loans to farmers based on amount
• of farmers surplus crops plus parity price
• priced fixed and intended to keep farm income
• steady (agricultural price supports)

102
23.5 The Impact of the New Deal
Social and Environmental Effects

• Tennessee Valley Authority harness water
• supply to generate electricity and prevent
• floods in Tenn.

103
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104
23 New Deal

• Short Answer in Detail this is an essay with
  introduction,
• supporting details, conclusion. Use specific
  terms. Demonstrate your
• Knowledge
• Pick one to answer
• Which of Roosevelts measures were most effective
  in
• fighting the Depression? Why?
• 2. How did Roosevelt alter the role of the
  federal govt in
• American life?
• 3. How did ordinary workers and farmers effect
  SOCIAL
• change in the 1930s?
• 4. What were the positive and negative effects of
  the New Deals
• use of federal govt as an agency of social
  reform?

105
Essay Questions Chapter 23 The Great
Depression What are some of the lasting effects
of the New Deal on banking finance, workers
rights, social effects, and the environment in
the US? Factors that led to the Great
Depression FDIC SEC NLRB-Wagner Act Social
Security and 3 components TVA CCC Why was FDR
able to quickly instill confidence in the federal
govts ability to end the Depression? Give 2
reasons. FDRs personality and interactions w/
the American public Goals and effects of early
New Deal Policies (specifically mention policies
by name and describe them) Describe the effects
of the New Deal public works projects on the
economy, the environment, and peoples personal
lives in regard to minorities and women. Lives of
unemployed Americans before the New
Deal Accomplishments of the CCC, TVA, and
WPA Difference between white male Americans and
other minorities (AA, women, Hispanic, Native
American) as reflected in these
organizations There were many people who
disliked FDRs New Deal program. What were some
of the arguments against the New Deal? Who made
these arguments and what was their platform? Be
sure to include the specifics of their view. Why
were they against FDR? What was their
solution? Father Charles Coughlin Dr. Francis
Townsend Huey Long