U.S. Expansion and Foreign Policy:

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U.S. Expansion and Foreign Policy

• 1890-1915

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What is Imperialism?

• Definition of imperialism occupying another
  country to make a profit or to spread culture,
  technology, religion, etc.
• Example European control of India, Asia,
  Africa, and the Middle East (1800s and 1900s)

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Imperialism in the United States

• New concept of Manifest Destiny
• Unlike the previous Manifest Destiny where
  expansion was only on the North American
  continent and congruous with existing territory,
  the new Manifest Destiny would extend to
  islands that were heavily populated, far from the
  U.S. and not seen as suitable by the U.S. to
  become territories or states.

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Causes of U.S. Imperialism

• 1. Expanding New Markets Need for resources and
  new places to sell/trade, as industrialization
  expanded
• 2. Cultural Superiority Idea that white culture
  and democracy were superior and should be spread
• 3. Global Competition U.S. wanted to become a
  world power and establish a military presence
  around the world

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Establishing a sphere of influence, or U.S.
control over regions around the world
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Uncle Sam One of the Boys?
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Hawaii

• Hawaiian annexation
• Hawaii served as a place for Americans to stop on
  their way to China and India, and many U.S.
  farmers set up sugar plantations on the island
• Plantation owners wanted Hawaii to become a state
  so they wouldnt have to pay taxes
• White plantation owners set up a government,
  deposed (kicked out) the queen, and wrote a new
  constitution
• Hawaii became a U.S. territory (annexed as the
  50th state in 1959)

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Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani and Major trade
routes to/from Hawaii
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U. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii became a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by
virtue of economic treaties.
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The Spanish American War

• Causes
• 1895 Cuban independence revolution threatened
  U.S. sugar mills and plantations
• The deLome letter (written by a Spanish diplomat
  and published in Hearsts journal), called
  McKinley a weak president
• The U.S.S. Maine exploded (cause is still
  unknown) on its way to Cuba to protect U.S.
  citizens and economic interests

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deLome Letter

• Besides the natural and inevitable coarseness
  with which he repeats all that the press and
  public opinion of Spain has said of Weyler, it
  shows once more what McKinley is weak and
  catering to the rabble, and, besides, a low
  politician, who desires to leave a door open to
  me and to stand well with the jingoes of his
  party.

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Yellow Journalism and the Spanish American War

• Yellow journalism
• Exaggerated and
• sensationalized stories
• aimed to shock and
• engage readers so
• they would buy more
• newspapers

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Results of the Spanish American War

• The Treaty of Paris (1898) established Cuban
  independence and gave the U.S. Puerto Rico and
  Guam, and the Philippines Cuba became a
  protectorate
• protectorate a state or territory partly
  controlled by (but not in possession of) a
  stronger state, usually for a short period of
  time (i.e. Japan after WWII)
• Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines became
  commonwealths, meaning they could make its own
  laws and handle its own economy, but defense was
  controlled by the U.S.

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The Philippines

• After the Philippines became independent from
  Spain, the country became a U.S. commonwealth
  many Filipinos were outraged by the Treat of
  Paris
• Conflict erupted between Philippine and American
  soldiers and led to three-year war that extended
  U.S. control
• The Philippines became independent in 1946

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• 1899 political cartoon by Winsor McCay. Uncle Sam
  (representing the United States), gets entangled
  with rope around a tree labeled "Imperialism"
  while trying to subdue a bucking colt or mule
  labeled "Philippines" while a figure representing
  Spain walks off over the horizon.

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