Diapositive 1

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Demand Side Management Using Alkaline
Electrolysers within the UKGDS simulation network
Presenter Mahdi Kiaee Supervisors Dr. Andrew
Cruden and Professor David Infield The University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow Email Mahdi.Kiaee_at_eee.str
ath.ac.uk
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BACKGROUND HYDROGEN ECONOMY

• Adverse environmental effects of increasing
  fossil fuel consumption
• Need for clean energy resources
• Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the
  world
• A suitable storage and transmission vector for
  energy
• Hydrogen from renewable or nuclear electricity
  generation sources
• Can increase energy security
• Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) cause no direct harmful
  emission

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INTRODUCTION
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The advantages of onsite production of hydrogen
from electrolysers

• No hydrogen to be shipped in tankers or piped
  around the country (thereby saving costs)
• Hydrogen from renewable energy no carbon
  dioxide or other pollutants
• Can be used to respond to renewable power
  fluctuations
• Can respond to consumer demand (e.g. at off-peak
  times)
• Can improve grid operation with a high
  penetration of renewable power

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The United Kingdom Generic Distribution System
(UKGDS)

• It is a resource for the purpose of simulation
  and analysis of the impact of distributed
  generation on the United Kingdom distribution
  system.
• It contains some network models which are
  representative of the UK networks.
• The UKGDS networks are split into Extra High
  Voltage (EHV) and High Voltage (HV) models.

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Ratings Wind farms1.5MW Electrolysers1MW avera
ge data from wind farms with 10 minutes
resolution were used
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• Every electrolyser has a controlled rectifier and
  a communication system
• The electrolysers are considered to be able to
  absorb variable input power within their maximum
  and minimum limit
• Standby power of electrolysers 6 of nominal
  power
• The Minimum power of electrolysers 20 of their
  nominal power.

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Control strategy

• If the available wind power is greater than 0.26
  MW (206 of 1MW), then the first electrolyser
  will work in normal mode and the second
  electrolyser would be in standby mode.
• If this wind power is greater than 1.2MW
  (10020 of 1MW) then both of the electrolysers
  will work in normal mode.
• Restriction each electrolyser should remain in
  its status (hydrogen production or standby mode)
  for at least one hour.

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In this work this residual power is negative only
for very short periods of times due to the
algorithm implemented in this study and also the
proper sizing of electrolysers and wind farms.
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• The reduction of total aggregate transmission
  losses could be as the result of
• Electrolysers are located near wind farms
• Their sizes are selected properly with respect
  to the size of the wind farms
• The proper control strategy

Without7.9584 MWh With7.7263 MWh
bus 1158 is connected to the second electrolyser.
The nominal voltage of this bus is 11KV.
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CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

• Electrolysers and wind farms have been
  introduced to a UKGDS model to investigate the
  impact of electrolysers on voltages and
  transmission losses of the network.
• Utilisation of electrolysers in this network
  could reduce the transmission losses by 2.91.

• Future work
• The effect of variable input power on the
  efficiency and durability of electrodes will be
  assessed through modelling and experiment
• The maximum acceptable derivative of injected
  power will be considered