Green Book Chap 2:1-2:2 Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem

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Green Book Chap 21-22Energy Flow Through an
Ecosystem

• Quiz GB 21-22
• Total of 36 points
• 25 or more points ?
• 24 or less points ?

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GB 21-22

• (10) Organisms can be placed into three energy
  roles in an ecosystem. They are
• Producers
• Consumers
• Decomposers

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(1)PRODUCERAn organism that makes its own
food.
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Producers use most of the energy they make for
themselves.
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• (11) Energy first enters most ecosystems as
  SUNLIGHT
• Photosynthesis is how producers makes its own
  food.

(12) The Equation for Photosynthesis 6CO2 6H2O
sunlight( chlorophyll) ?C6H12O6 6O2
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• The chemical reaction by which green plants use
  water and carbon dioxide and light from the sun
  to make glucose.
• ENERGY is stored in glucose glucose is stored as
  starch.

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The energy that is not used by producers can be
passed on to organisms that cannot make their own
energy.
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Organisms that cannot make their own energy are
called CONSUMERS.(2) Consumers are organisms
that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
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Consumers that eat producers to get energy

• Are first-level or primary consumers
• Are herbivores (plant-eaters)

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Most of the energy the first-level consumer gets
from the producer is used by the consumer.
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Some of the energy (about 90) moves into the
atmosphere as heat through life processes of the
consumers.
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Some energy in the first-level consumer is not
lost to the atmosphere or used by the consumer
itself.This energy is available for another
consumer.
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A consumer that eats another consumer for energy

• Is called a secondary or second-level consumer
• May be a carnivore (meat eater) or a herbivore
• May be a predator
• May be a scavenger

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Most of the energy the second-level consumer gets
from the first-level consumer is used by the
second-level consumer.
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Some of the energy is lost as heat, but some
energy is stored and can passed on to another
consumer.
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A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate
a consumer

• Is called a third-level consumer
• May be a carnivore or a herbivore
• May be a predator
• May be a scavenger

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Consumers that eat producers other consumers

• Are called omnivores
• Omnivores eat plants and animals

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Consumers that hunt kill other consumers are
called predators.They animals that are hunted
killed are called prey.
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Consumers that eat other consumers that have
already died are called scavengers.(4)
Scavengers are carnivores that feeds on the
bodies of dead organisms.
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If there were only producers and consumers all of
the dead organisms would pile up all over the
planet. These dead organisms, and living
organisms' waste, is removed from the ecosystems
by Decomposers.

• Decomposers - bacteria
• - Fungi (mold mushrooms)

(3) Decomposers are organisms that break down
wastes and dead organisms and return the raw
materials to the environment.
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The transfer of energy from sun to producer to
first-level consumer to second-level consumer to
third-level consumer can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.
(5)A Food Chain is a series of events in which
one organism eats another and obtains energy.
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Another way of showing the transfer of energy in
an ecosystem is theENERGY PYRAMID.
(14) The most energy is available at the producer
level. At each level in the pyramid, there is
less available energy than at the level below.
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Energy pyramids show

• That the amount of available energy decreases
  down the food chain
• (13) 90 of energy is used for an organism's life
  process or put into the environment. That means
  only 10 of the energy is stored.
• It takes a large number of producers to support a
  small number of primary consumers
• It takes a large number of primary consumers to
  support a small number of secondary consumers

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Food Webs

• (6) Consists of the many overlapping food chains
  in an ecosystem.
• They show the feeding relationships in an
  ecosystem

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Recycling Matter Matter in an ecosystem is
limited. If matter could not be recycled,
ecosystems would quickly run out of the raw
materials necessary for life. (15) Matter is
made up of tiny particles called atoms.

• Some important matter that is recycled within an
  ecosystem are
• - Water
• - Carbon
• - Nitrogen

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(7) The Water Cycle is the continuous process by
which water moves from Earth's surface to the
atmosphere and back.
(19) The three processes that occur during the
water cycle are Evaporation - Condensation -
Precipitation
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Draw The Water Cycle!

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Check out the Water Cycle _at_BrainPop
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The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles
Carbon is important because it is the building
block for the matter that makes up the bodies of
living things. (16)Carbon is used by Producers,
is in the air as Carbon Dioxide, and is the
Building Block of life
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Check out the Carbon Cycle _at_BrainPop
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The Nitrogen Cycle
(17) Like carbon nitrogen is a necessary building
block in the matter that makes up living things.
(8) Nitrogen Fixation is the process of changing
free nitrogen gas into a usable form of
nitrogen. (18) Most nitrogen fixation is
performed by by certain kinds of bacteria. (9)
Nodules are bumps on the roots of certain plants
where these bacteria live.
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Check out the Nitrogen Cycle _at_BrainPop