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Nonrenewable Resources

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Explain how fuels are used to generate electricity in an ... Manufacturing Heating and cooling Generating electricity Electricity ... salt domes, folds ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nonrenewable Resources


1
Nonrenewable Resources
  • Chapter 17

2
Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
  • Objectives
  • 1. List five factors that influence the value of
    a fuel.
  • 2. Explain how fuels are used to generate
    electricity in an electric power plant.
  • 3. Identify patterns of energy consumption and
    production in the world and in the United States.
  • 4. Explain how fossil fuels form and how they are
    used.
  • 5. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of
    fossil-fuel use.
  • 6. List three factors that influence predictions
    of fossil-fuel production.

3
Nonrenewable resources
4
  • Most of the energy we use comes from fossil fuels
  • Remains of ancient organisms
  • Limited
  • Can harm the environment

5
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7
  • Different uses of fossil fuels
  • Transportation
  • Manufacturing
  • Heating and cooling
  • Generating electricity

8
Electricity
  • Advantages
  • Convenient, transports easily
  • Disadvantages
  • Difficult to store, other energy sources have to
    be used to generate

9
How do we generate electricity?
  • Electrical generators
  • Change mechanical energy into electrical energy

10
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11
  • Produced by moving electrically conductive
    material within a magnetic field
  • Most use turbines

12
Energy Use
  • Everything requires energy to produce
  • People in US and Canada use 2x more NRG than
    Switzerland or Japan (personal incomes are higher)

13
  • May have something to do with the way NRG is
    generated

14
  • US usage
  • 38 Industry
  • 27 Transportation
  • 19 Residential
  • 16 Commercial

15
  • Usage may depend on the following factors
  • Size of country
  • Cost of fuel
  • Availability of resources

16
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17
How Fossil Fuel is used
  • Coal
  • Remains of swamp plants that were buried over
    millions of years ago
  • Most reserves we have in US were formed over 300
    mya

18
Coal Production
19
  • Oil and Natural Gas Formation
  • Form from the decay of marine organisms on the
    bottom of an ocean
  • Buried for millions of years, a lot of heat and
    pressure

20
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22
Environmental Effects of coal mining
  • Damage to the Environment
  • Changes landscape
  • Waste pollutes streams and waterways
  • Produces air pollutants (Sulfur)

23
Petroleum
  • Crude oil is pumped from the ground
  • 45 of products produced are petroleum based
  • Found in geologic features that can trap oil
  • Faults, salt domes, folds

24
  • Damage to the environment
  • Release of pollutants
  • Smog, acid rain, global warming
  • Oil spills

25
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26
Natural Gas
  • CH4 (methane)
  • Used to be burned off during oil production
  • Cleaner burning

27
Fossil Fuels and the Future
  • 90 of all energy used
  • By 2050 2X more will be used
  • Oil production is up, but produced slowly

28
  • Oil deposits may still be found
  • Ocean (costly)

29
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30
  • oil reserves decrease, oil will be reserved for
    more essential uses
  • rely on alternative fuels

31
Whats left
32
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34
Nuclear Energy
  • Objectives
  • 1. Describe nuclear fission.
  • 2. Describe how a nuclear power plant works.
  • 3. List three advantages and three disadvantages
    of nuclear energy.

35
  • NRG generated from nuclear fission
  • Uranium 235 is bombarded with neutrons which
    cause a chain rxn of other neurons being released
    as well as a huge amount of NRG

36
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37
  • How a nuclear power plant works
  • Uranium is bombarded and NRG is released
  • NRG is used to heat water
  • Water turns to steam
  • Steam turns turbine
  • Turbine generates electricity

38
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39
  • Fuel rods contain small pellets of U 235
  • Core contains Boron and Cadmium to help control
    rxn

40
  • Advantages
  • Concentrated source of NRG
  • No air pollution
  • In a safe plant, produces less radioactivity than
    coal plants

41
  • Disadvantages
  • Very costly to operate and build
  • Storage of wastes
  • Mining of U
  • Safety (Chernobyl 1986 and 3 Mile Island- 1979)

42
Problems with using nonrenewable resources
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