World War II

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World War II
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Versailles, June 1919
From left to right Prime Minister David Lloyd
George of Great Britain Prime Minister Vittorio
Orlando of Italy Prime Minister Georges
Clemenceau of France President Woodrow Wilson of
the United States
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The Versailles Treaty

• Land
• Reparations
• War guilt
• League of Nations

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The Versailles Treaty (continued)

• German army reduced
• Germany barred from having tanks, an air force,
  or submarines
• Occupied DMZ west of the Rhineland

Map showing German territory lost and the
Rhineland DMZ
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The League of Nations
Although President Wilson was the driving force
behind the creation of the League of Nations, the
United States did not join it.
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Rise of the Nazis

• Germanys economic woes
• Political instability
• Fascism
• National Socialist German Workers Party

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Adolf Hitler
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The Nazis promoted a view of Germany as
surrounded by enemies and threatened on all sides
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The Nazis Gain Power
Hitler sworn in as Chancellor, 1933
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Japan
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The Invasion of Manchuria and the Rape of
Nanking
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Italy
Dictator Benito Mussolini addresses his followers
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The Invasion of Ethiopia
Emperor Hailie Selassie of Ethiopia
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Germany Rearms
German troops march back into the Rhineland, 1936
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Building an Axis
Signing of Tripartite pact to form the Axis
Alliance
Hitler and Mussolini Rome-Berlin Axis
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The Spanish Civil War
Generals Francisco Franco and Emilio Moré,
leaders of the coup
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Spanish Civil War (continued)
Italian soldiers in Spain
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New Weapons and Tactics
Hitler tests weapons in Spanish Civil War
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The Destruction of Guernica

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Germany Takes Austria
Nazi troops enter Austria
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The Munich Conference
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
(left) and Hitler confer at the Munich Conference
A weeping Czech woman reluctantly salutes Nazi
soldiers as they march into the Sudetenland
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Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
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German Advances, 1939
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American Foreign Policy, 19321941

• Isolationism
• Neutrality Acts
• FDR
• Lend-Lease
• The Atlantic Charter

Churchill and FDR at sea during the Atlantic
Charter talks
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Germany Takes France

• France surrenders, 1940
• The French Resistance

A Frenchman weeps as German troops march into
Paris
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The Battle of Britain
A London air raid shelter
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The Battle of Britain (continued)
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Germany Invades Russia

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Japanese Aggression
General Hideki Tojo
Locations of Japanese forces in November 1941
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Pearl Harbor
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The U.S. Declares War
FDR signs the declaration of war against Japan
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The Battle of Midway
The USS Yorktown receives a direct hit during the
battle of Midway
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The Battle of Stalingrad
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North Africa
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Italy Surrenders
Allies enter Rome
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The D-Day Invasion
U.S. troops wade ashore at Normandy
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The Liberation of Paris
Paris, 1944
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The Battle of the Bulge
An American soldier guards German troops captured
during the Battle of the Bulge
U.S. troops advance through the snow toward the
town of St. Vith, Belgium
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The Firebombing of Dresden
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Germany Surrenders
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V-E Day
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The Pacific War, 19441945
U.S. soldiers raise the American flag after
capturing Iwo Jima
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Birth of the Atomic Bomb
Preparing the atomic bomb to be dropped on
Hiroshima
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Hiroshima
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Japan Surrenders
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Total War

• Concept of total war
• Mobilizing the economy
• Rationing
• Women in the work force
• Propaganda
• Military tactics

Two old women stand amidst the ruins of an
almshouse in Berkshire, England
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Mobilizing the Economy
A worker inspects 1000-pound bomb cases
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Rationing and Victory Gardens

• Gasoline, coffee, sugar, meat, other goods are
  rationed
• Victory Gardens and other measures

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Women in the Work Force

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Propaganda
Journalists interview Tokyo Rose
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Military Tactics
Family in the wreckage of their Liverpool home
Injured survivors of the Nagasaki blast
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Civilian Deaths
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The Holocaust
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The Nuremberg Military Tribunal
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The Yalta Conference
The Big Three at Yalta
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The Potsdam Conference
Attlee, Truman, and Stalin at Potsdam
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Divisions within postwar Germany
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U.S. Occupation of Japan
MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito
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The Marshall Plan

• Europes economy was in shambles after World War
  II
• Marshall proposed aid to all European countries
  who needed it
• Plan also worked to keep communism from spreading
  to western Europe

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The United Nations

• International peacekeeping organization
• FDR was the principal architect of the UN
• Goals
• Successes and failures

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The Postwar World Order