Role of Geo-ICT in Health

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Role of Geo-ICT in Health

• Aruna Srivastava and B.N. Nagpal

National Institute of Malaria Research Sec 8,
Dwarka, Delhi 110077
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Health as an issue

• Health is an issue of Patient care as well as of
  Public Health
• In Patient care individual health is taken care
  of
• In Public Health, health of the community is in
  the consideration

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Geo ICT in Patient Care

• Individual attends different clinics for
  different ailments, multi point patient data can
  be synchronized on Geospatial platform
• Internet connectivity can link patient history of
  different disease episodes, diagnostic tests,
  drugs schedule etc.
• The specialist can over view patients general
  condition and can arrive at a conclusion
• Communication network can help in patient care by
  delivering info on the users mobile/ email

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Geo ICT in Public Health

• Surveillance and Treatment (Malaria)
• Detection of cases and treatment is done through
  Active Passive case detection
• In Passive case detection fever cases attended in
  hospitals/ clinics and are screened for malaria
  cases
• In active case detection, door to door survey is
  carried out for fever cases and are examined for
  malaria
• Malaria Positive cases in both the cases are
  given treatment

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Information Flow

• Survey data is being generated person, house,
  village wise including patients age, gender,
  economic education status etc
• The data is compiled at PHC level and is sent to
  district. District wise data is compiled at State
  level and is being sent to Centre.
• Based on State data, at centre, NVBDCP is
  responsible for formulating control strategy for
  the entire country
• Earlier using traditional way by the time data
  reached policy makers it was outdated currently
  efforts are on to use both Geospatial and
  Information Communication Technology but its
  collective use is still a far away

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Geo ICT for Malaria Surveillance
1999
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Implementation

• GIS based malaria information system was
  implemented in Dindigul municipality on November
  19th 1999, The World GIS Day
• Health officers from the district and state head
  quarters Tamil Nadu were trained for its proper
  utilisation
• A Website URL www.malaria-tn.org was constructed
  for fast dissemination of information
• Info was entered at district level and revised
  maps were instantly available at State and Centre
  

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Functionalities

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Spatio Temporal spread of Malaria
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Change in Malaria Scenario and mapping of
breeding sites
Areas where incidence has increased are spotted.
If larval/ adult population shows that the
transmission is indigenous. Otherwise may either
be due to a relapse, recrudescent, or imported
due to construction activities etc
Ward 41
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Identification of risk factors
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Incidence Comparison
Pf per cent
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Evaluation of Control Activities
Evaluates ward wise adequacy/efficiency of the
control programme using GIS maps.
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Buffer Zone
Since adult control is not undertaken in urban
areas, a buffer zone of 2-3 km can be created and
anti larval measures can be strengthened within
this zone.
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Advantages

• Instant retrieval of information
• dynamic maps, pinpointing areas requiring
  immediate attention
• web hosting eliminates the need for traditional
  flow of info
• universal accessibility of info
• once the infrastructure is ready can be used to
  build DSS for any other disease.

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Geo ICT support to National Vector Borne Disease
Control Programme
Programme (2007)
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District wise Mapping of Malaria(API 2006)
API No. of Districts
1.33 - lt2 2 5 gt 5 66 51 91
TOTAL 208
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District wise Drug Resistance Pf
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(No Transcript)
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Prioritizing Villages for Focused Malaria
Control
High Risk Districts
India
Assam
High Risk States
Completed
Naogaon
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Action taken

• Based on geospatial analysis of malaria data
  situation specific control activities were
  formulated and were communicated through email,
  fax, mobile for prompt action, hard copy also
  followed
• A feed back on action taken was also received
  electronically
• At NVBDCP web site malaria data is available and
  efforts are on to integrate both Geospatial and
  Information Communication Technology

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Dengue Surveillance in Delhi
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Zone wise Dengue Cases, Aedes Breeding
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Zonewise Dengue Cases and Container wise
breeding positivity
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Ward wise density of dengue cases
Delhi (2006)
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Zone and Locality wise Dengue cases in Delhi
(2006)
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Localitywise Dengue Cases in Badarpur Zone, Delhi
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Health Impact Assessment of Narmada Basin Dams
and Resettlement Rehabilitation colonies in
Madhya Pradesh
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HIA in NVDP

• Central Water Commission (CWC) made it mandatory
  to carry out Health Impact Assessment for any
  major developmental project.
• A retrospective study on Health Impact
  Assessment of three major Dams funded by Narmada
  Valley Development Authority, Bhopal (NVDA) for
  five years was conducted from 2004 to 2010. NVDA
  extended funding till 2014 to progressively cover
  all 30 major dam areas in Narmada Valley
• Under this engineering problems promoting
  malariogenic conditions are identified,
  mitigating measures are suggested to NVDA and
  other concerned authorities for corrective
  measures HIA is evaluated through malariometric
  indices

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Future data Generation procedure
PDAs, the real time gadget,
cansynchronize data with applications on
auser's personal computer. The real time data
would be recorded on PDA which can be transferred
to computer, synchronised with application and
again be transferred to PDA for corrective
measures, thus eliminating the need for the user
to update manually data at two places
In collaboration with Dept. Environment Forest
M.P.
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Real Time data generation
Entry to PDA
Data Transfer to PC
Synchronization
Data collected in field
Mitigating Measures Suggested to CD
Action Taken
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More

• Geo ICT can efficiently be used for
• Disease surveillance, identification of high risk
  areas for prompt treatment
• Spatio temporal disease trend and predict future
  scenario for prompt control
• Prioritize areas for intense/ prompt control
  activity
• Improve Hospital management
• Monitor toxic spills to protect the health hazard
  of nearby residents
• Demographic analysis to estimate the demand for
  various types of services
• Market pharmaceuticals
• Conduct market studies and document health care
  needs of a community.
• Maintain locational inventories of health care
  facilities, providers, and vendors.
• Locate the nearest health care facility or health
  care provider on the Web.

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Conclusion

• Both Geo spatial and Information
  communication technologies complement each other.
  
• While GIS helps analysing health related
  events in a wider perspective. Information
  communication technologies form the enabling
  platform for both the systems to operate
  effectively.

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Credits to all GIS Team and Field Staff
M.C. Sharma Rekha Saxena V.P. Singh Pawan
Kumar Sanjeev Gupta Mr. Jitendra Kumar Mr. Arvind
Tomar And all
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Thanks