Chapter 26, Sections 1

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Chapter 26, Sections 1 2
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Before we even begin, lets get the teams
straight.
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Section 1 Paths to WarThe BIG
IdeaCompetition Among Countries The ambitions
of Japan and Germany paved the way for the
outbreak of World War II.Focus QuestionHow
did German and Japanese actions lead to World War
II?
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The German Path to War

• WW2 in Europe had its beginnings in the ideas of
  Adolf Hitler.
• Germans belonged to a superior Aryan race.
• Germany should build a great civilization.
• A great civilization needs more land to support a
  large population. They would go East and fight
  the Soviet Union for land.
• Slavic people would be used as slave labor to
  build the Third Reich.

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The German Path to War

• Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by
  creating a new air force and expanding Germanys
  army. France, Great Britain, and Italy condemned
  these actions.

Treaty of Versailles Germany has to take full
responsibility for the war. Germany has to pay
Allied governments for war damages. Germany has
to reduce its army size. The Rhine River must
become a demilitarized zone.
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Definitions

• Demilitarizedelimination or prohibition of
  weapons, fortifications, and other military
  installations.
• Appeasementsatisfying reasonable demands of
  dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain
  peace and stability.

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The German Path to War

• Hitlers first aggressive move occurred when he
  invaded a demilitarized zone in Germany known as
  the Rhineland.
• Great Britain adopted a policy of appeasement and
  did not take military action against Germany.

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The German Path to War

• Hitler looked for allies with common political
  and economic interests, which he found in Benito
  Mussolini of Italy.
• Mussolini and Hitler created the Rome-Berlin
  Axis, a pact recognizing their shared political
  and economic goals.
• By November of 1936, Hitler formed an
  anti-communist alliance with Japan known as the
  Anti-Comintern Pact.

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The German Path to War

• Hitler annexed his homeland of Austria on March
  13, 1938.
• Hitler announced, in 1938, that he would wage a
  world war if he was denied occupation of
  Sudetenland, an area in northwestern
  Czechoslovakia.
• France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany all
  agreed to Hitlers plan at the Munich Conference,
  abandoning the Czechs.
• Hitler continued to advance into Czechoslovakia
  and eventually demanded the Polish Port of
  Danzig.
• Great Britain and France soon realized they would
  need help from Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union
  to contain Nazi aggression.

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The German Path to War

• To avoid fighting a war on two fronts and to gain
  access into Poland, Hitler signed the Nazi-Soviet
  Non-aggression Pact on August 23, 1939, with
  Joseph Stalin.
• On September 1, 1939, German forces invaded
  Poland, causing Britain and France to declare war
  on Germany two days later.

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The Japanese Path to War

• The need for natural resources fueled the
  Japanese plan to seize other countries.
• The Japanese cleverly devised a ruse to justify
  conquering Manchuria, a country containing 30
  million Chinese and vast natural resources.
• On September 18, 1931, Japanese troops dressed as
  Chinese and blew up a portion of a Japanese-owned
  railway. Japan then blames the Chinese for the
  incident.
• Against worldwide protest, Japan retaliated by
  seizing and renaming Manchuria as Manchukuo.

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The Japanese Path to War

• Chiang Kai-Shek, leader of the Chinese
  Nationalist Party, was embattled in a civil war
  against the Chinese Communist Party and did not
  want to go to war with Japan.
• Chiang and the Communists put their differences
  aside and united against the Japanese for the
  entire length of the war.

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The Japanese Path to War

• Japan wanted a New Order in East Asia, which
  would comprise Japan, China, and Manchuria, and
  act as a model for other developing nations.
• Japan did not want to fight the European colonial
  powers or the United States, but by 1940, they
  began to demand rights to French Indochina.
• The United States objected and warned that it
  would retaliate with economic sanctions including
  refusing to import oil and scrap iron.

Focus Question How did German and Japanese
actions lead to World War II?
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Section 2 The Course of World War 2The BIG
IdeaDevastation of War Allied perseverance,
effective military operations, and Axis
miscalculations brought the devastation of World
War II to an end.Focus QuestionHow did the
entrance of the United States into the war change
its course?
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Europe at War

• Germanys use of blitzkrieg, or lightning war,
  to attack Poland stunned Europe with the speed
  and efficiency of the attack.
• Blitzkrieg or lightening wara form of attack
  that used tank divisions supported by air attacks
• In September 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union
  divided Poland.

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Europe at War

• By spring 1940, Hitler used blitzkrieg tactics to
  attack Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium,
  and France.

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Europe at War

• On June 22, 1940, the French signed an armistice
  allowing German armies to occupy three-fifths of
  France.
• Armisticea truce or ceasefire.
• U.S. citizens did not want to get involved in the
  war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt adopted a
  policy of isolationism, but denounced Germanys
  attacks. A series of neutrality acts prevented
  the United States from becoming involved.

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Europe at War

• In August of 1940, the German air force, the
  Luftwaffe, launched a major offensive on Great
  Britain.
• The British air force inflicted enough damage on
  Luftwaffe bombers to persuade Hitler to postpone
  the invasion of Great Britain.

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Europe at War

• Hitler believed that Britain would not remain in
  the war without the support of the Soviet Union.
• Hitler confidently invaded the Soviet Union,
  hoping to obtain full occupation by winter.
• The German forces quickly captured two million
  Russian soldiers and swept through Ukraine.
• An early winter turned the tide of German
  successes German troops did not have adequate
  winter supplies and were forced to halt their
  advances.
• The Soviet forces launched a counterattack in
  December of 1941.

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Japan at War

• On December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft attacked
  the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, hoping to
  destroy the Pacific fleet and any attempt of U.S.
  involvement.
• Japan quickly acquired territory throughout
  Southeast Asia, creating the Greater East Asia
  Co-Prosperity Sphere.
• Japan had hoped that their lightening strike in
  the Pacific would destroy the U.S. fleets and
  that the U.S. would have to accept the Japanese
  domination of the Pacific.
• With overwhelming public support, the United
  States joined forces with European nations and
  Nationalist China to battle Japan.
• Four days later, Hitler declared war on the
  United States, creating a global war.

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The Allies Advance

• The three major Allied forces agreed to fight
  until the Axis Powers surrendered
  unconditionally.
• Hitler was still confident in 1942, as Japan
  continued to advance in the Pacific, and German
  forces fought in the Soviet Union and North
  Africa.
• In May of 1943, the tide of the war turned when a
  British and American coalition forced German and
  Italian troops to surrender in French North
  Africa.
• By the spring of 1943, Hitler realized that the
  battle over Stalingrad would end in a German
  defeat.

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The Allies Advance

• The turning point of the war in Asia came when
  Japanese forces were defeated at the Battle of
  Midway Island when U.S. planes destroyed four
  attacking Japanese aircraft carriers.
• With the help of General Douglas MacArthur, the
  U.S. Army, Marine, and Navy forces freed the
  Japanese-held islands of the Pacific and
  Southeast Asia.

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Last Years of the War

• The Allies turned the tide of the war with the
  surrender of Axis forces in Tunisia on May 13,
  1943.
• In September, the Allies took Sicily (an island
  off the coast of Italy), an area Winston
  Churchill referred to as the soft underbelly of
  Europe.
• The Allied forces planned a strategic invasion of
  France from Great Britain known as D-Day.

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Last Years of the War

• Allied Forces, under U.S. General Dwight D.
  Eisenhower, landed on the Normandy beaches in
  historys greatest naval invasion on June 6,
  1944.
• Allied troops liberated Paris by the end of
  August 1944.

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Last Years of the War

• With the imminent defeat of Germany and the
  partisan murder of Mussolini, Hitler committed
  suicide on April 30, 1945.
• Soviet forces advanced through Eastern Europe
  until Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945.
• Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, after
  President Harry S. Truman authorized the bombing
  of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• World War II was finally over, with casualty
  estimates totaling 60 million.

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Homework

• Page 861, s 2, 4, 5
• Page 871, s 2, 4 and 6

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Homework

• Page 862, s 1-6
• Page 873, s 1 and 2