Title: Chapter 26, Sections 1
1Chapter 26, Sections 1 2
2Before we even begin, lets get the teams
straight.
3Section 1 Paths to WarThe BIG
IdeaCompetition Among Countries The ambitions
of Japan and Germany paved the way for the
outbreak of World War II.Focus QuestionHow
did German and Japanese actions lead to World War
II?
4The German Path to War
- WW2 in Europe had its beginnings in the ideas of
Adolf Hitler. - Germans belonged to a superior Aryan race.
- Germany should build a great civilization.
- A great civilization needs more land to support a
large population. They would go East and fight
the Soviet Union for land. - Slavic people would be used as slave labor to
build the Third Reich.
5The German Path to War
- Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by
creating a new air force and expanding Germanys
army. France, Great Britain, and Italy condemned
these actions.
Treaty of Versailles Germany has to take full
responsibility for the war. Germany has to pay
Allied governments for war damages. Germany has
to reduce its army size. The Rhine River must
become a demilitarized zone.
6Definitions
- Demilitarizedelimination or prohibition of
weapons, fortifications, and other military
installations. - Appeasementsatisfying reasonable demands of
dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain
peace and stability.
7The German Path to War
- Hitlers first aggressive move occurred when he
invaded a demilitarized zone in Germany known as
the Rhineland. - Great Britain adopted a policy of appeasement and
did not take military action against Germany.
8The German Path to War
- Hitler looked for allies with common political
and economic interests, which he found in Benito
Mussolini of Italy. - Mussolini and Hitler created the Rome-Berlin
Axis, a pact recognizing their shared political
and economic goals. - By November of 1936, Hitler formed an
anti-communist alliance with Japan known as the
Anti-Comintern Pact.
9The German Path to War
- Hitler annexed his homeland of Austria on March
13, 1938. - Hitler announced, in 1938, that he would wage a
world war if he was denied occupation of
Sudetenland, an area in northwestern
Czechoslovakia. - France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany all
agreed to Hitlers plan at the Munich Conference,
abandoning the Czechs. - Hitler continued to advance into Czechoslovakia
and eventually demanded the Polish Port of
Danzig. - Great Britain and France soon realized they would
need help from Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union
to contain Nazi aggression.
10The German Path to War
- To avoid fighting a war on two fronts and to gain
access into Poland, Hitler signed the Nazi-Soviet
Non-aggression Pact on August 23, 1939, with
Joseph Stalin. - On September 1, 1939, German forces invaded
Poland, causing Britain and France to declare war
on Germany two days later.
11The Japanese Path to War
- The need for natural resources fueled the
Japanese plan to seize other countries. - The Japanese cleverly devised a ruse to justify
conquering Manchuria, a country containing 30
million Chinese and vast natural resources. - On September 18, 1931, Japanese troops dressed as
Chinese and blew up a portion of a Japanese-owned
railway. Japan then blames the Chinese for the
incident. - Against worldwide protest, Japan retaliated by
seizing and renaming Manchuria as Manchukuo.
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13The Japanese Path to War
- Chiang Kai-Shek, leader of the Chinese
Nationalist Party, was embattled in a civil war
against the Chinese Communist Party and did not
want to go to war with Japan. - Chiang and the Communists put their differences
aside and united against the Japanese for the
entire length of the war.
14The Japanese Path to War
- Japan wanted a New Order in East Asia, which
would comprise Japan, China, and Manchuria, and
act as a model for other developing nations. - Japan did not want to fight the European colonial
powers or the United States, but by 1940, they
began to demand rights to French Indochina. - The United States objected and warned that it
would retaliate with economic sanctions including
refusing to import oil and scrap iron.
Focus Question How did German and Japanese
actions lead to World War II?
15Section 2 The Course of World War 2The BIG
IdeaDevastation of War Allied perseverance,
effective military operations, and Axis
miscalculations brought the devastation of World
War II to an end.Focus QuestionHow did the
entrance of the United States into the war change
its course?
16Europe at War
- Germanys use of blitzkrieg, or lightning war,
to attack Poland stunned Europe with the speed
and efficiency of the attack. - Blitzkrieg or lightening wara form of attack
that used tank divisions supported by air attacks - In September 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union
divided Poland.
17Europe at War
- By spring 1940, Hitler used blitzkrieg tactics to
attack Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium,
and France.
18Europe at War
- On June 22, 1940, the French signed an armistice
allowing German armies to occupy three-fifths of
France. - Armisticea truce or ceasefire.
- U.S. citizens did not want to get involved in the
war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt adopted a
policy of isolationism, but denounced Germanys
attacks. A series of neutrality acts prevented
the United States from becoming involved.
19Europe at War
- In August of 1940, the German air force, the
Luftwaffe, launched a major offensive on Great
Britain. - The British air force inflicted enough damage on
Luftwaffe bombers to persuade Hitler to postpone
the invasion of Great Britain.
20Europe at War
- Hitler believed that Britain would not remain in
the war without the support of the Soviet Union. - Hitler confidently invaded the Soviet Union,
hoping to obtain full occupation by winter. - The German forces quickly captured two million
Russian soldiers and swept through Ukraine. - An early winter turned the tide of German
successes German troops did not have adequate
winter supplies and were forced to halt their
advances. - The Soviet forces launched a counterattack in
December of 1941.
21Japan at War
- On December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft attacked
the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, hoping to
destroy the Pacific fleet and any attempt of U.S.
involvement. - Japan quickly acquired territory throughout
Southeast Asia, creating the Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity Sphere. - Japan had hoped that their lightening strike in
the Pacific would destroy the U.S. fleets and
that the U.S. would have to accept the Japanese
domination of the Pacific. - With overwhelming public support, the United
States joined forces with European nations and
Nationalist China to battle Japan. - Four days later, Hitler declared war on the
United States, creating a global war.
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24The Allies Advance
- The three major Allied forces agreed to fight
until the Axis Powers surrendered
unconditionally. - Hitler was still confident in 1942, as Japan
continued to advance in the Pacific, and German
forces fought in the Soviet Union and North
Africa. - In May of 1943, the tide of the war turned when a
British and American coalition forced German and
Italian troops to surrender in French North
Africa. - By the spring of 1943, Hitler realized that the
battle over Stalingrad would end in a German
defeat.
25The Allies Advance
- The turning point of the war in Asia came when
Japanese forces were defeated at the Battle of
Midway Island when U.S. planes destroyed four
attacking Japanese aircraft carriers. - With the help of General Douglas MacArthur, the
U.S. Army, Marine, and Navy forces freed the
Japanese-held islands of the Pacific and
Southeast Asia.
26Last Years of the War
- The Allies turned the tide of the war with the
surrender of Axis forces in Tunisia on May 13,
1943. - In September, the Allies took Sicily (an island
off the coast of Italy), an area Winston
Churchill referred to as the soft underbelly of
Europe. - The Allied forces planned a strategic invasion of
France from Great Britain known as D-Day.
27Last Years of the War
- Allied Forces, under U.S. General Dwight D.
Eisenhower, landed on the Normandy beaches in
historys greatest naval invasion on June 6,
1944. - Allied troops liberated Paris by the end of
August 1944.
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30Last Years of the War
- With the imminent defeat of Germany and the
partisan murder of Mussolini, Hitler committed
suicide on April 30, 1945. - Soviet forces advanced through Eastern Europe
until Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945. - Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, after
President Harry S. Truman authorized the bombing
of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. - World War II was finally over, with casualty
estimates totaling 60 million.
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33Homework
- Page 861, s 2, 4, 5
- Page 871, s 2, 4 and 6
34Homework
- Page 862, s 1-6
- Page 873, s 1 and 2