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Chapter 26, Sections 1

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Before we even begin, let s get the teams straight . Section 1: Paths to War The BIG Idea: Competition Among Countries The ambitions of Japan and Germany paved ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 26, Sections 1


1
Chapter 26, Sections 1 2
2
Before we even begin, lets get the teams
straight.
3
Section 1 Paths to WarThe BIG
IdeaCompetition Among Countries The ambitions
of Japan and Germany paved the way for the
outbreak of World War II.Focus QuestionHow
did German and Japanese actions lead to World War
II?
4
The German Path to War
  • WW2 in Europe had its beginnings in the ideas of
    Adolf Hitler.
  • Germans belonged to a superior Aryan race.
  • Germany should build a great civilization.
  • A great civilization needs more land to support a
    large population. They would go East and fight
    the Soviet Union for land.
  • Slavic people would be used as slave labor to
    build the Third Reich.

5
The German Path to War
  • Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by
    creating a new air force and expanding Germanys
    army. France, Great Britain, and Italy condemned
    these actions.

Treaty of Versailles Germany has to take full
responsibility for the war. Germany has to pay
Allied governments for war damages. Germany has
to reduce its army size. The Rhine River must
become a demilitarized zone.
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Definitions
  • Demilitarizedelimination or prohibition of
    weapons, fortifications, and other military
    installations.
  • Appeasementsatisfying reasonable demands of
    dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain
    peace and stability.

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The German Path to War
  • Hitlers first aggressive move occurred when he
    invaded a demilitarized zone in Germany known as
    the Rhineland.
  • Great Britain adopted a policy of appeasement and
    did not take military action against Germany.

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The German Path to War
  • Hitler looked for allies with common political
    and economic interests, which he found in Benito
    Mussolini of Italy.
  • Mussolini and Hitler created the Rome-Berlin
    Axis, a pact recognizing their shared political
    and economic goals.
  • By November of 1936, Hitler formed an
    anti-communist alliance with Japan known as the
    Anti-Comintern Pact.

9
The German Path to War
  • Hitler annexed his homeland of Austria on March
    13, 1938.
  • Hitler announced, in 1938, that he would wage a
    world war if he was denied occupation of
    Sudetenland, an area in northwestern
    Czechoslovakia.
  • France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany all
    agreed to Hitlers plan at the Munich Conference,
    abandoning the Czechs.
  • Hitler continued to advance into Czechoslovakia
    and eventually demanded the Polish Port of
    Danzig.
  • Great Britain and France soon realized they would
    need help from Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union
    to contain Nazi aggression.

10
The German Path to War
  • To avoid fighting a war on two fronts and to gain
    access into Poland, Hitler signed the Nazi-Soviet
    Non-aggression Pact on August 23, 1939, with
    Joseph Stalin.
  • On September 1, 1939, German forces invaded
    Poland, causing Britain and France to declare war
    on Germany two days later.

11
The Japanese Path to War
  • The need for natural resources fueled the
    Japanese plan to seize other countries.
  • The Japanese cleverly devised a ruse to justify
    conquering Manchuria, a country containing 30
    million Chinese and vast natural resources.
  • On September 18, 1931, Japanese troops dressed as
    Chinese and blew up a portion of a Japanese-owned
    railway. Japan then blames the Chinese for the
    incident.
  • Against worldwide protest, Japan retaliated by
    seizing and renaming Manchuria as Manchukuo.

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The Japanese Path to War
  • Chiang Kai-Shek, leader of the Chinese
    Nationalist Party, was embattled in a civil war
    against the Chinese Communist Party and did not
    want to go to war with Japan.
  • Chiang and the Communists put their differences
    aside and united against the Japanese for the
    entire length of the war.

14
The Japanese Path to War
  • Japan wanted a New Order in East Asia, which
    would comprise Japan, China, and Manchuria, and
    act as a model for other developing nations.
  • Japan did not want to fight the European colonial
    powers or the United States, but by 1940, they
    began to demand rights to French Indochina.
  • The United States objected and warned that it
    would retaliate with economic sanctions including
    refusing to import oil and scrap iron.

Focus Question How did German and Japanese
actions lead to World War II?
15
Section 2 The Course of World War 2The BIG
IdeaDevastation of War Allied perseverance,
effective military operations, and Axis
miscalculations brought the devastation of World
War II to an end.Focus QuestionHow did the
entrance of the United States into the war change
its course?
16
Europe at War
  • Germanys use of blitzkrieg, or lightning war,
    to attack Poland stunned Europe with the speed
    and efficiency of the attack.
  • Blitzkrieg or lightening wara form of attack
    that used tank divisions supported by air attacks
  • In September 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union
    divided Poland.

17
Europe at War
  • By spring 1940, Hitler used blitzkrieg tactics to
    attack Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium,
    and France.

18
Europe at War
  • On June 22, 1940, the French signed an armistice
    allowing German armies to occupy three-fifths of
    France.
  • Armisticea truce or ceasefire.
  • U.S. citizens did not want to get involved in the
    war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt adopted a
    policy of isolationism, but denounced Germanys
    attacks. A series of neutrality acts prevented
    the United States from becoming involved.

19
Europe at War
  • In August of 1940, the German air force, the
    Luftwaffe, launched a major offensive on Great
    Britain.
  • The British air force inflicted enough damage on
    Luftwaffe bombers to persuade Hitler to postpone
    the invasion of Great Britain.

20
Europe at War
  • Hitler believed that Britain would not remain in
    the war without the support of the Soviet Union.
  • Hitler confidently invaded the Soviet Union,
    hoping to obtain full occupation by winter.
  • The German forces quickly captured two million
    Russian soldiers and swept through Ukraine.
  • An early winter turned the tide of German
    successes German troops did not have adequate
    winter supplies and were forced to halt their
    advances.
  • The Soviet forces launched a counterattack in
    December of 1941.

21
Japan at War
  • On December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft attacked
    the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, hoping to
    destroy the Pacific fleet and any attempt of U.S.
    involvement.
  • Japan quickly acquired territory throughout
    Southeast Asia, creating the Greater East Asia
    Co-Prosperity Sphere.
  • Japan had hoped that their lightening strike in
    the Pacific would destroy the U.S. fleets and
    that the U.S. would have to accept the Japanese
    domination of the Pacific.
  • With overwhelming public support, the United
    States joined forces with European nations and
    Nationalist China to battle Japan.
  • Four days later, Hitler declared war on the
    United States, creating a global war.

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The Allies Advance
  • The three major Allied forces agreed to fight
    until the Axis Powers surrendered
    unconditionally.
  • Hitler was still confident in 1942, as Japan
    continued to advance in the Pacific, and German
    forces fought in the Soviet Union and North
    Africa.
  • In May of 1943, the tide of the war turned when a
    British and American coalition forced German and
    Italian troops to surrender in French North
    Africa.
  • By the spring of 1943, Hitler realized that the
    battle over Stalingrad would end in a German
    defeat.

25
The Allies Advance
  • The turning point of the war in Asia came when
    Japanese forces were defeated at the Battle of
    Midway Island when U.S. planes destroyed four
    attacking Japanese aircraft carriers.
  • With the help of General Douglas MacArthur, the
    U.S. Army, Marine, and Navy forces freed the
    Japanese-held islands of the Pacific and
    Southeast Asia.

26
Last Years of the War
  • The Allies turned the tide of the war with the
    surrender of Axis forces in Tunisia on May 13,
    1943.
  • In September, the Allies took Sicily (an island
    off the coast of Italy), an area Winston
    Churchill referred to as the soft underbelly of
    Europe.
  • The Allied forces planned a strategic invasion of
    France from Great Britain known as D-Day.

27
Last Years of the War
  • Allied Forces, under U.S. General Dwight D.
    Eisenhower, landed on the Normandy beaches in
    historys greatest naval invasion on June 6,
    1944.
  • Allied troops liberated Paris by the end of
    August 1944.

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Last Years of the War
  • With the imminent defeat of Germany and the
    partisan murder of Mussolini, Hitler committed
    suicide on April 30, 1945.
  • Soviet forces advanced through Eastern Europe
    until Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945.
  • Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, after
    President Harry S. Truman authorized the bombing
    of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
  • World War II was finally over, with casualty
    estimates totaling 60 million.

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Homework
  • Page 861, s 2, 4, 5
  • Page 871, s 2, 4 and 6

34
Homework
  • Page 862, s 1-6
  • Page 873, s 1 and 2
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