Egypt: Middle and New Kingdoms

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Egypt Middle and New Kingdoms
9th Grade Integrated Honors Mr. Coia
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Middle Kingdom2050 B.C. to 1650 B.C.

• Began when a family of ruling nobles in Thebes
  emerged victorious in its struggles with the
  rulers of other cities, seized control of the
  entire kingdom, and established a powerful
  central government in Thebes.
• Trade and warfare brought Egypt into contact with
  other civilizations.
• The realm conquered the African kingdom of Nubia
  and traded with Asian neighbors in the east.
• New Ideas, custom, and technologies spread.

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(No Transcript)
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Thebes

• Thebes was sacked by the Assyrians in 661 B.C.,
  an event referred to in the Bible (Nahum 3.810),
  where the city is called No Amon Amon city.
• The Romans sacked it in 29 B.C., and by 20 B.C. a
  Greek visitor to the site reported only a few
  scattered villages.
• The temples and tombs that have survived,
  including the tombs of Tutankhamen and of Ramses
  II's sons, are among the most splendid in the
  world, and the site has been the scene of much
  important archaeological work.

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Hyksos

• Hyksos foreigners
• Weak rulers and internal strife allowed Semitic
  invaders called the Hyksos to conquer Egypt.
• Occupied Egypt for 100 years
• Native Egyptians rulers banded together to drive
  out the Hyksos.

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New Kingdom1570 B.C. to 1080 B.C.

• Hyksos driven from Egypt
• Female ruler, Queen Hatshepsut, encouraged trade
• Powerful ruler Ramses II creates empire

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Ramses II
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Ramses II

• Great Building projects, as well as successful
  military campaigns
• Created major projects to include

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The Great Rock Temple at Abu Simbel in Nubia
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The Temple at Karnak
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The Rameseum
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The Temple at Luxorin Thebes
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The Luxorin Las Vegas
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Ramses II

• All this construction required massive labor and
  resulted in an increase in slavery.
• Ramses II was probably the pharaoh who dealt with
  Moses and released the Hebrew slaves in the Old
  Testament

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New Kingdom (cont.)

• Peace treaty between Egyptians and Hittites
• First such document known to have survived
• After Ramses II, Egypts power declines
• Assyrians and Persians invade Egypt followed by
  Greek and Roman armies

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• Any questions?