Ancient Kingdoms of Egypt

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Ancient Kingdoms of Egypt

• Nile River

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The Old Kingdom (2660-2180 B.C.)
1. Rulers of ancient Egypt were called pharaohs,
a god like figure on Earth. The Egyptians had
over 31 dynasties of pharaohs spanning 2,800
years.
2. Believed in ka, an eternal spirit that ruled
even after death.
3. Pyramids elaborate burial chambers pharaohs
home after death. Built by peasants to glorify
their king. 80 built during this time period.
4. First Illness 2180-2080 B.C. (unhappy time
period because of warfare and famine)
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Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 B.C.)
1. Capital is moved from Memphis to Thebes.
2. Projects canal, dikes, farmland
3. Began to believe that commoners
had a common soul.

4. Second Illness (1640-1570 B.C.) conquered by
Asian nomads known as the Hyksos.
A. Learned how to make bronze, use chariots,
spin and weave.
B. 1600 B.C.- powerful
rulers to overtake the Hyksos Queen
Ahhotep takes over and Kamose
drives the Hyksos out of Egypt.
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New Kingdom (1570-1075 B.C.)
1. 18th dynasty (1570-1365) set up professional
army and established the blue crown, a battle
shaped type helmet.
2. Egyptians Hittites treaty made to coexist
after Battle of Kadesh.
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Egyptian Rulers
1. Hatshepsut became the1st female pharoah in
1478 B.C., ruled 22 years encouraging trade
instead of war.
2. Thutmose III, stepson of Hatshepsut, expanded
the territory and wealth of the empire greater
than any other time throughout Egypt.
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Egyptian Rulers
3. Egypts last great pharaoh was Ramses II.
A. Reigned 67 years, lived until the age
of 99. B. Created the temple to Amon at
Karnak, Egypts chief god.
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Egyptian Accomplishments
1. The development of hieroglyphics and papyrus,
as well as a number system.
2. Started the process of geometry by surveying
land. Based their calendar on the star Sirius
creating a 365 day calendar with 30 days per
month.
3. Were the most famous doctors in the ancient
world first to use medicine for broken bones,
wounds, and fevers.
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Religious Beliefs Practices
1. Maat Idea of justice, right, truth, and
order.
2. Osiris god of the dead who judged
individuals.
3. Priests had a great amount of power over
people.
4. Mummification process used to preserve
bodies, given the Book of the Dead for
afterlife.
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Religious Contributions
1. Amenhotep IV was polytheist and then stated
Aton (sun-god) was the only true god, so he
changed his name to Akhenaton. Commanded
Egyptians to stop the worship of many gods.
2. Tutankhamon restored capital to Thebes and
ordered all things to Aton be destroyed. Took
the throne at the age of 9 and returned things to
original state.
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Fall of the Egyptians
1. 1200 B.C. invaded by the People of the Sea
2. 751 B.C. Nubian Kingdom called Kush
conquered Egypt.
3. 671 B.C. Assyrians pushed the Nubians aside
and gained control of Egypt.
4. Around 500 B.C. Persians conquer Egypt
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Fall of the Egyptians
5. In 331 B.C., Alexander the Great of Greece
conquered the Egyptians ending 3,000 years of
dynasties.
6. However, Nubian culture continued to grow
throughout the region.